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Sartor Resartus
Sartor Resartus

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Sartor Resartus is here in full — 22 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.
We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.
Far from it!
Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.
"These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and garnitures of Human Existence.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sartor Resartus

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Sartor Resartus is here in full — 22 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.
Line 2
We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.
Line 3
Far from it!
/fɑːr frʌm ɪt/
Line 4
Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.
Line 5
"These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and garnitures of Human Existence.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

embodied adjective US /ɪmˈbɑːdid/

possessing or existing in bodily form

From this reading “Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.”

life-giving adjective US /ˈlaɪfɡɪvɪŋ/

giving or having the power to give life and spirit

From this reading “Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.”

periods noun US /ˈpɪriədz/

plural of “period” — an amount of time

From this reading “Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.”

premised verb US /ˈpreməst/

past form of “premise” — set forth beforehand, often as an explanation

From this reading “We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.”

questionable adjective US /ˈkwestʃənəbəl/

subject to question

From this reading “Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.”

shortest adjective US /ˈʃɔːrtɪst/

superlative of “short” — primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading “Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.”

translate verb US /trænzˈleɪt/

restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading “We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.”

vocabulary noun US /voʊˈkæbjəleri/

a listing of the words used in some enterprise

From this reading “Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

BodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

Cassocks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

ChapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

Church-Clothes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

ClothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

distinctionnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

DivineadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪn/

emanating from God

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

dwellverbUS /dwel/

think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

embodiedadjectiveUS /ɪmˈbɑːdid/

possessing or existing in bodily form

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

ExistencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading "These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and garnitures of Human Existence.

FaradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Far from it!

fartheradjectiveUS /ˈfɑːrðər/

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

FormsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Far from it!

garnitures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and garnitures of Human Existence.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

haberdashernoun

a merchant who sells men's clothing

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

HumanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading "These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and garnitures of Human Existence.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

IdeanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading "These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and garnitures of Human Existence.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

infinitelyadverbUS /ˈɪnfənətli/

without bounds

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

investedverbUS /ˌɪnˈvestəd/

past form of “invest” — make an investment

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

life-givingadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪfɡɪvɪŋ/

giving or having the power to give life and spirit

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading "These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and garnitures of Human Existence.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

periodsnounUS /ˈpɪriədz/

plural of “period” — an amount of time

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

practicallyadverbUS /ˈpræktɪkli/

almost; nearly

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

premisedverbUS /ˈpreməst/

past form of “premise” — set forth beforehand, often as an explanation

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

PrinciplenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

questionableadjectiveUS /ˈkwestʃənəbəl/

subject to question

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

ReligiousadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

sensibleadjectiveUS /ˈsensəbəl/

showing reason or sound judgment

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

shortestadjectiveUS /ˈʃɔːrtɪst/

superlative of “short” — primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

Surplices

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading "These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and garnitures of Human Existence.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

translateverbUS /trænzˈleɪt/

restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

unspeakablyadverb

to an inexpressible degree

From this reading "These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and garnitures of Human Existence.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

Vestures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

vocabularynounUS /voʊˈkæbjəleri/

a listing of the words used in some enterprise

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

VolumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We here translate it entire:-- "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

WORDnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

WorldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Church-Clothes are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as a living and life-giving WORD.

Chapter 23 of Sartor Resartus by Thomas Carlyle holds 22 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Sartor Resartus contain?

Chapter 23 holds 22 sentences of Sartor Resartus, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Sartor Resartus by Thomas Carlyle exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 22 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Sartor Resartus?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sartor Resartus

Common questions about reading Sartor Resartus by Thomas Carlyle on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sartor Resartus?

Yes. All 2520 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1051 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sartor Resartus is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1051, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sartor Resartus take to read?

About 210 minutes of reading across 504 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Sartor Resartus section by section

How to work through Sartor Resartus section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Sartor Resartus

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sartor Resartus, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Considering
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sartor Resartus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sartor Resartus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Advanced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sartor Resartus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
State
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sartor Resartus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.