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Satire in the Victorian novel
Satire in the Victorian novel

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Satire in the Victorian novel is here in full — 453 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/90 · 5 lines
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THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.
Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.
It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.
No phrase is at present more of a general favorite than “The Irony of Fate,” no exclamation more frequent than “How ironic!”
In this expressive and impressive utterance there is as much individual variation of meaning as in “How beautiful!”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Satire in the Victorian novel

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Satire in the Victorian novel is here in full — 453 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/90 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.
/ðə aɪˈrɑːnɪk ðə ˈsaɪəns ʌv esˈθetɪks ɪz ə ˈtrɪbjuːt tuː ˈaʊər ziːl ɪn əˈtemptɪŋ tuː dɪˈfaɪn ðə ˌɪndɪˈfaɪnəbəl wɜːrd ˈbjuːti/
Line 2
Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.
Line 3
It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.
/ɪt ɪz ˌhaʊˈevər ˈweðər ɪn spaɪt ʌv ɪts ˈveɪɡnɪs ɔːr bɪˈkɔːz ʌv ɪt ə tɜːrm ʌv ɡreɪt ənd ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ ˌpɑːpjəˈlerəti/
Line 4
No phrase is at present more of a general favorite than “The Irony of Fate,” no exclamation more frequent than “How ironic!”
Line 5
In this expressive and impressive utterance there is as much individual variation of meaning as in “How beautiful!”

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crusade noun US /kruːˈseɪd/

a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end

From this reading “Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.”

define verb US /dɪˈfaɪn/

determine the essential quality of

From this reading “THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.”

elusive adjective US /ɪˈluːsɪv/

difficult to describe

From this reading “Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.”

Esthetics noun US /esˈθetɪks/

(art) the branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste (emphasizing the evaluative criteria that are applied to art)

From this reading “THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.”

indefinable adjective US /ˌɪndɪˈfaɪnəbəl/

not capable of being precisely or readily described; not easily put into words

From this reading “THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.”

ironic adjective US /aɪˈrɑːnɪk/

humorously sarcastic or mocking

From this reading “THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.”

vagueness noun US /ˈveɪɡnɪs/

unclearness by virtue of being poorly expressed or not coherent in meaning

From this reading “It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.”

variation noun US /ˌveriˈeɪʃən/

an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change

From this reading “In this expressive and impressive utterance there is as much individual variation of meaning as in “How beautiful!””

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

in spite preposition + noun

In this reading “It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.”

general favorite adjective + noun

In this reading “No phrase is at present more of a general favorite than “The Irony of Fate,” no exclamation more frequent than “How ironic!””

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading No phrase is at present more of a general favorite than “The Irony of Fate,” no exclamation more frequent than “How ironic!”

attemptingverbUS /əˈtemptɪŋ/

-ing form of “attempt” — make an effort or attempt

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading In this expressive and impressive utterance there is as much individual variation of meaning as in “How beautiful!”

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

bondagenounUS /ˈbɑːndɪdʒ/

the state of being under the control of a force or influence or abstract power

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

captureverbUS /ˈkæptʃər/

succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

categoricadjective

relating to or included in a category or categories

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

crusadenounUS /kruːˈseɪd/

a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

defineverbUS /dɪˈfaɪn/

determine the essential quality of

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

elusiveadjectiveUS /ɪˈluːsɪv/

difficult to describe

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

EstheticsnounUS /esˈθetɪks/

(art) the branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste (emphasizing the evaluative criteria that are applied to art)

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

exclamationnounUS /ˌekskləˈmeɪʃən/

an abrupt excited utterance

From this reading No phrase is at present more of a general favorite than “The Irony of Fate,” no exclamation more frequent than “How ironic!”

expressiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspresɪv/

characterized by expression

From this reading In this expressive and impressive utterance there is as much individual variation of meaning as in “How beautiful!”

FatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading No phrase is at present more of a general favorite than “The Irony of Fate,” no exclamation more frequent than “How ironic!”

favoritenounUS /ˈfeɪvərɪt/

something regarded with special favor or liking

From this reading No phrase is at present more of a general favorite than “The Irony of Fate,” no exclamation more frequent than “How ironic!”

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

formaladjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrməl/

being in accord with established forms and conventions and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress)

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading No phrase is at present more of a general favorite than “The Irony of Fate,” no exclamation more frequent than “How ironic!”

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading No phrase is at present more of a general favorite than “The Irony of Fate,” no exclamation more frequent than “How ironic!”

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No phrase is at present more of a general favorite than “The Irony of Fate,” no exclamation more frequent than “How ironic!”

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.

impressiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpresɪv/

making a strong or vivid impression

From this reading In this expressive and impressive utterance there is as much individual variation of meaning as in “How beautiful!”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

increasingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/

becoming greater or larger

From this reading It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.

indefinableadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈfaɪnəbəl/

not capable of being precisely or readily described; not easily put into words

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading In this expressive and impressive utterance there is as much individual variation of meaning as in “How beautiful!”

IRONICadjectiveUS /aɪˈrɑːnɪk/

humorously sarcastic or mocking

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

ironynounUS /ˈaɪrəni/

witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading In this expressive and impressive utterance there is as much individual variation of meaning as in “How beautiful!”

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading No phrase is at present more of a general favorite than “The Irony of Fate,” no exclamation more frequent than “How ironic!”

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In this expressive and impressive utterance there is as much individual variation of meaning as in “How beautiful!”

NearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.

organizedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrɡənaɪzd/

formed into a structured or coherent whole, particularly on a large scale

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

phrasenounUS /freɪz/

an expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence

From this reading No phrase is at present more of a general favorite than “The Irony of Fate,” no exclamation more frequent than “How ironic!”

popularitynounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈlerəti/

the quality of being widely admired or accepted or sought after

From this reading It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading No phrase is at present more of a general favorite than “The Irony of Fate,” no exclamation more frequent than “How ironic!”

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

scientificadjectiveUS /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

of or relating to the practice of science

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading No phrase is at present more of a general favorite than “The Irony of Fate,” no exclamation more frequent than “How ironic!”

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In this expressive and impressive utterance there is as much individual variation of meaning as in “How beautiful!”

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this expressive and impressive utterance there is as much individual variation of meaning as in “How beautiful!”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

tributenounUS /ˈtrɪbjuːt/

something given or done as an expression of esteem

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

utterancenounUS /ˈʌtərəns/

the use of uttered sounds for auditory communication

From this reading In this expressive and impressive utterance there is as much individual variation of meaning as in “How beautiful!”

vaguenessnounUS /ˈveɪɡnɪs/

unclearness by virtue of being poorly expressed or not coherent in meaning

From this reading It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.

variationnounUS /ˌveriˈeɪʃən/

an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change

From this reading In this expressive and impressive utterance there is as much individual variation of meaning as in “How beautiful!”

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading It is, however, whether in spite of its vagueness or because of it, a term of great and increasing popularity.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Nearly as elusive of categoric bondage is _irony_; but for its capture no formal scientific crusade has as yet been organized.

zealnounUS /ziːl/

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading THE IRONIC The science of Esthetics is a tribute to our zeal in attempting to define the indefinable word beauty.

Chapter 14 of Satire in the Victorian novel by Frances Theresa Russell holds 453 sentences, grouped into 91 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of Satire in the Victorian novel contain?

Chapter 14 holds 453 sentences of Satire in the Victorian novel, unabridged, divided into 91 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of Satire in the Victorian novel by Frances Theresa Russell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 453 sentences, grouped into 91 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of Satire in the Victorian novel?

Work through the 91 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 91 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Satire in the Victorian novel

Common questions about reading Satire in the Victorian novel by Frances Theresa Russell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Satire in the Victorian novel?

Yes. All 4593 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #67581 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Satire in the Victorian novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #67581, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Satire in the Victorian novel take to read?

About 382 minutes of reading across 919 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Satire in the Victorian novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Satire in the Victorian novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Frances
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Satire in the Victorian novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Theresa
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Satire in the Victorian novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Russell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Satire in the Victorian novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Macmillan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Satire in the Victorian novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.