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Saul of Tarsus
Saul of Tarsus

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Saul of Tarsus is here in full — 227 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/45 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.
After his first sensations he was discomfited.
"Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.
"In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.
Doubtless I should have convinced the young man and borrowed his gold of him, by this time.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Saul of Tarsus

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Saul of Tarsus is here in full — 227 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.
/ðə ˈbæŋkrəpt ˈsʌmˈwʌt səbˈduːd ðə mæn ɪn ˈskɑːrlət wɔːkt θruː ðə naɪt ɪn ðə ˈsɪti ʌv ˈdeɪvɪd/
Line 2
After his first sensations he was discomfited.
Line 3
"Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.
Line 4
"In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.
Line 5
Doubtless I should have convinced the young man and borrowed his gold of him, by this time.
/ˈdaʊtləs aɪ ʃʊd hæv kənˈvɪnst ðə jʌŋ mæn ənd ˈbɑːroʊd hɪz ɡoʊld ʌv hɪm baɪ ðɪs taɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bankrupt verb US /ˈbæŋkrəpt/

reduce to bankruptcy

From this reading “THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.”

barbarity noun US /bɑːrˈbærəti/

the quality of being shockingly cruel and inhumane

From this reading “"Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.”

borrowed verb US /ˈbɑːroʊd/

past form of “borrow” — get temporarily

From this reading “Doubtless I should have convinced the young man and borrowed his gold of him, by this time.”

executions noun US /ˌeksəˈkjuːʃənz/

plural of “execution” — putting a condemned person to death

From this reading “"Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.”

irregular adjective US /ˌɪˈreɡjələr/

contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice

From this reading “"Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.”

ruminated verb US /ˈruːmɪneɪtɪd/

past form of “ruminate” — chew the cuds

From this reading “"Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.”

sensations noun US /senˈseɪʃənz/

plural of “sensation” — an unelaborated elementary awareness of stimulation

From this reading “After his first sensations he was discomfited.”

subdued adjective US /səbˈduːd/

in a softened tone

From this reading “THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

young man adjective + noun

a teenager or a young adult male

In this reading “Doubtless I should have convinced the young man and borrowed his gold of him, by this time.”

painful scene adjective + noun

In this reading “"In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “"In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.”

borne away verb + particle counted as “bear away”

remove from a certain place, environment, or mental or emotional state; transport into a new location or state

In this reading “"In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.”

through the night preposition + article + noun counted as “through … night”

In this reading “THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.”

in the City preposition + article + noun counted as “in … city”

In this reading “THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After his first sensations he was discomfited.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

BANKRUPTverbUS /ˈbæŋkrəpt/

reduce to bankruptcy

From this reading THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.

barbaritynounUS /bɑːrˈbærəti/

the quality of being shockingly cruel and inhumane

From this reading "Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

borneverbUS /bɔːrn/

inflected form of “bear” — have

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

borrowedverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊd/

past form of “borrow” — get temporarily

From this reading Doubtless I should have convinced the young man and borrowed his gold of him, by this time.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Doubtless I should have convinced the young man and borrowed his gold of him, by this time.

CitynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading "Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.

convincedadjectiveUS /kənˈvɪnst/

persuaded of; very sure

From this reading Doubtless I should have convinced the young man and borrowed his gold of him, by this time.

DavidnounUS /ˈdeɪvɪd/

patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600)

From this reading THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.

despatched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

discomfitednoun

people who are defeated

From this reading After his first sensations he was discomfited.

DoubtlessadverbUS /ˈdaʊtləs/

without doubt; certainly

From this reading Doubtless I should have convinced the young man and borrowed his gold of him, by this time.

executionsnounUS /ˌeksəˈkjuːʃənz/

plural of “execution” — putting a condemned person to death

From this reading "Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading After his first sensations he was discomfited.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading Doubtless I should have convinced the young man and borrowed his gold of him, by this time.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading After his first sensations he was discomfited.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Doubtless I should have convinced the young man and borrowed his gold of him, by this time.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading After his first sensations he was discomfited.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Doubtless I should have convinced the young man and borrowed his gold of him, by this time.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.

irregularadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈreɡjələr/

contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice

From this reading "Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.

Judean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.

Nazarenenoun

a member of a group of Jews who (during the early history of the Christian Church) accepted Jesus as the Messiah

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading "Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

painfuladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnfəl/

causing physical or psychological pain

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

puticuli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

ruminatedverbUS /ˈruːmɪneɪtɪd/

past form of “ruminate” — chew the cuds

From this reading "Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.

scarletnounUS /ˈskɑːrlət/

a variable color that is vivid red but sometimes with an orange tinge

From this reading THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

sensationsnounUS /senˈseɪʃənz/

plural of “sensation” — an unelaborated elementary awareness of stimulation

From this reading After his first sensations he was discomfited.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Doubtless I should have convinced the young man and borrowed his gold of him, by this time.

SomewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.

subduedadjectiveUS /səbˈduːd/

in a softened tone

From this reading THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Doubtless I should have convinced the young man and borrowed his gold of him, by this time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading THE BANKRUPT Somewhat subdued, the man in scarlet walked through the night in the City of David.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading After his first sensations he was discomfited.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "Now this is what comes of the irregular barbarity in Judean executions," he ruminated.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading "In Rome this Nazarene would have been despatched in order and his body borne away to the puticuli and no opportunity given for that painful scene outside.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Doubtless I should have convinced the young man and borrowed his gold of him, by this time.

Chapter 4 of Saul of Tarsus by Elizabeth Miller holds 227 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Saul of Tarsus contain?

Chapter 4 holds 227 sentences of Saul of Tarsus, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Saul of Tarsus by Elizabeth Miller exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 227 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Saul of Tarsus?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Saul of Tarsus

Common questions about reading Saul of Tarsus by Elizabeth Miller on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Saul of Tarsus?

Yes. All 7268 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37862 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Saul of Tarsus is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37862, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Saul of Tarsus take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1454 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Saul of Tarsus section by section

How to work through Saul of Tarsus section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of Saul of Tarsus to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Saul of Tarsus

Words and structures a reader meets early in Saul of Tarsus, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saul of Tarsus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
March
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saul of Tarsus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Levite
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saul of Tarsus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shoterim
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saul of Tarsus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.