Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Saul of Tarsus
Saul of Tarsus

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Saul of Tarsus is here in full — 256 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Saul of Tarsus
Context Illustration Reading 1/51 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.
For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.
No other port along the coast presented a more unattractive appearance.
But Alexander, having no more worlds to conquer, turned his opposition upon adverse conditions.
So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Saul of Tarsus

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Saul of Tarsus is here in full — 256 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/51 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.
Line 2
For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.
Line 3
No other port along the coast presented a more unattractive appearance.
/noʊ ˈʌðər pɔːrt əˈlɔːŋ ðə koʊst priˈzentɪd ə mɔːr ˌʌnəˈtræktɪv əˈpɪrəns/
Line 4
But Alexander, having no more worlds to conquer, turned his opposition upon adverse conditions.
/bʌt ˌæləɡˈzændər ˈhævɪŋ noʊ mɔːr wɜːrldz tuː ˈkɑːŋkər tɜːrnd hɪz ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃən əˈpɑːn ædˈvɜːrs kənˈdɪʃənz/
Line 5
So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clogged adjective US /klɔːɡd/

thickened or coalesced in soft thick lumps (such as clogs or clots)

From this reading “For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.”

contentious adjective US /kənˈtenʃəs/

inclined or showing an inclination to dispute or disagree, even to engage in law suits

From this reading “So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.”

fertility noun US /fərˈtɪləti/

the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year

From this reading “For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.”

fisheries noun US /ˈfɪʃəriz/

plural of “fishery” — a workplace where fish are caught and processed and sold

From this reading “For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.”

Macedonian noun US /ˌmæsəˈdoʊnjən/

a native or inhabitant of Macedon

From this reading “AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.”

prescience noun US /ˈpriːʃiəns/

the power to foresee the future

From this reading “AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.”

unattractive adjective US /ˌʌnəˈtræktɪv/

lacking beauty or charm

From this reading “No other port along the coast presented a more unattractive appearance.”

unproductive adjective US /ˌʌnprəˈdʌktɪv/

not producing or capable of producing

From this reading “AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

twelve miles noun + noun counted as “twelve mile”

In this reading “For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.”

along the coast preposition + article + noun counted as “along … coast”

In this reading “No other port along the coast presented a more unattractive appearance.”

into the sea preposition + article + noun counted as “into … sea”

In this reading “For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.”

great river adjective + noun

In this reading “For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.”

sweep of verb + particle

In this reading “For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

adverseadjectiveUS /ædˈvɜːrs/

contrary to your interests or welfare

From this reading But Alexander, having no more worlds to conquer, turned his opposition upon adverse conditions.

AlexandernounUS /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

ALEXANDRIANnoun

a resident or native of Alexandria (especially Alexandria in Egypt)

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading No other port along the coast presented a more unattractive appearance.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading No other port along the coast presented a more unattractive appearance.

aroseverbUS /ərˈoʊz/

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

CHARACTERISTICnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪk/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

cloggedadjectiveUS /klɔːɡd/

thickened or coalesced in soft thick lumps (such as clogs or clots)

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading No other port along the coast presented a more unattractive appearance.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading But Alexander, having no more worlds to conquer, turned his opposition upon adverse conditions.

conquerverbUS /ˈkɑːŋkər/

bring under control by force or authority

From this reading But Alexander, having no more worlds to conquer, turned his opposition upon adverse conditions.

conquerornounUS /ˈkɑːŋkərər/

someone who is victorious by force of arms

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

contentiousadjectiveUS /kənˈtenʃəs/

inclined or showing an inclination to dispute or disagree, even to engage in law suits

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

contradictoryadjectiveUS /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪktəri/

of words or propositions so related that both cannot be true and both cannot be false

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

decideverbUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪd/

reach, make, or come to a decision about something

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

EgyptiannounUS /ɪˈdʒɪpʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Egypt

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

eked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

excessesnounUS /ˌekˈsesɪz/

plural of “excess” — a quantity much larger than is needed

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

fartheradjectiveUS /ˈfɑːrðər/

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

fertilitynounUS /fərˈtɪləti/

the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

finallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

fisheriesnounUS /ˈfɪʃəriz/

plural of “fishery” — a workplace where fish are caught and processed and sold

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

flatadjectiveUS /flæt/

having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

foundernounUS /ˈfaʊndər/

inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

glassyadjectiveUS /ˈɡlæsi/

resembling glass in smoothness and shininess and slickness

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading But Alexander, having no more worlds to conquer, turned his opposition upon adverse conditions.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But Alexander, having no more worlds to conquer, turned his opposition upon adverse conditions.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

impetuousadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpetʃwəs/

characterized by undue haste and lack of thought or deliberation

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

inspiredadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈspaɪərd/

being of such surpassing excellence as to suggest inspiration by the gods

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

LakenounUS /leɪk/

a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

MacedoniannounUS /ˌmæsəˈdoʊnjən/

a native or inhabitant of Macedon

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

Mareotis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

marginnounUS /ˈmɑːrdʒən/

the boundary line or the area immediately inside the boundary

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

MediterraneannounUS /ˌmedətərˈeɪniən/

the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading No other port along the coast presented a more unattractive appearance.

NilenounUS /naɪl/

the world's longest river (4150 miles); flows northward through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No other port along the coast presented a more unattractive appearance.

NothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

oppositionnounUS /ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃən/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading But Alexander, having no more worlds to conquer, turned his opposition upon adverse conditions.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading No other port along the coast presented a more unattractive appearance.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

peninsulanounUS /pəˈnɪnsələ/

a large mass of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

plantverbUS /plænt/

put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

portnounUS /pɔːrt/

a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

precariousadjectiveUS /priˈkeriəs/

affording no ease or reassurance

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

presciencenounUS /ˈpriːʃiəns/

the power to foresee the future

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

presentedverbUS /priˈzentɪd/

past form of “present” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading No other port along the coast presented a more unattractive appearance.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

Rhacotis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

sandyadjectiveUS /ˈsændi/

of hair color; pale yellowish to yellowish brown

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

self-destructiveadjective

dangerous to yourself or your interests

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

shoalsnounUS /ʃoʊlz/

plural of “shoal” — a sandbank in a stretch of water that is visible at low tide

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

spearnounUS /spɪr/

a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

splendidadjectiveUS /ˈsplendɪd/

having great beauty and splendor

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

stragglingadjective

spreading out in different directions or distributed irregularly

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

sweepverbUS /swiːp/

sweep across or over

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading So he struck his spear into the sand, and there arose at the blow a city having the spirit of its founder--great, splendid, contentious, contradictory, impetuous and finally self-destructive through its excesses.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

tumbleverbUS /ˈtʌmbəl/

fall down, as if collapsing

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading But Alexander, having no more worlds to conquer, turned his opposition upon adverse conditions.

twelvenounUS /twelv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

unattractiveadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈtræktɪv/

lacking beauty or charm

From this reading No other port along the coast presented a more unattractive appearance.

unproductiveadjectiveUS /ˌʌnprəˈdʌktɪv/

not producing or capable of producing

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading But Alexander, having no more worlds to conquer, turned his opposition upon adverse conditions.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

voluptuousadjectiveUS /vəˈlʌptʃəwəs/

having strong sexual appeal

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

water-growth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

watersnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading For a century previous, a straggling Egyptian village, called Rhacotis, eked out a precarious existence by fisheries; the port was filled with shoals or clogged with water-growth, and the voluptuous fertility of the Nile margin followed the slow sweep of the great river into the sea twelve miles farther to the east.

worldsnounUS /wɜːrldz/

plural of “world” — everything that exists anywhere

From this reading But Alexander, having no more worlds to conquer, turned his opposition upon adverse conditions.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading AN ALEXANDRIAN CHARACTERISTIC Nothing but prescience could have inspired Alexander, the young Macedonian conqueror, to decide to plant a city on the sandy peninsula which lay hot, flat, low and unproductive between the glassy waters of Lake Mareotis and the tumble of the Mediterranean.

Chapter 8 of Saul of Tarsus by Elizabeth Miller holds 256 sentences, grouped into 52 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Saul of Tarsus contain?

Chapter 8 holds 256 sentences of Saul of Tarsus, unabridged, divided into 52 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Saul of Tarsus by Elizabeth Miller exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 256 sentences, grouped into 52 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Saul of Tarsus?

Work through the 52 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 52 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Saul of Tarsus

Common questions about reading Saul of Tarsus by Elizabeth Miller on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Saul of Tarsus?

Yes. All 7268 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37862 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Saul of Tarsus is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37862, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Saul of Tarsus take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1454 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Saul of Tarsus section by section

How to work through Saul of Tarsus section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of Saul of Tarsus to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Saul of Tarsus

Words and structures a reader meets early in Saul of Tarsus, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saul of Tarsus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
March
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saul of Tarsus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Levite
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saul of Tarsus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shoterim
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saul of Tarsus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.