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Saunterings
Saunterings

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Saunterings is here in full — 123 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.
Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.
It is in the form of a Latin cross, forty-six feet in length by about forty in width.
The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.
Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Saunterings

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Saunterings is here in full — 123 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.
Line 2
Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.
Line 3
It is in the form of a Latin cross, forty-six feet in length by about forty in width.
Line 4
The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.
/ðə flɔːr ɪz peɪvd wɪð rɪtʃ ˈmɑːrbəlz ðə kəˈpoʊlə ɪz ˈkʌvərd wɪð moʊˈzeɪɪks ʌv ðə taɪm ʌv ðə ˈempres ənd ɪn ðə ɑːrtʃ ˈoʊvər ðə dɔːr ɪz ə faɪn ˌreprəzenˈteɪʃən ʌv ðə ɡʊd ˈʃepərd/
Line 5
Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.
/bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈɔːltər ɪz ðə ˈmæsɪv sɑːrˈkɑːfəɡəs ʌv ˈmɑːrbəl ɪts ˈkʌvər ʌv ˈsɪlvər pleɪts wɑːz lɔːŋ əˈɡoʊ tɔːrn ɔːf ɪn wɪtʃ ɑːr ˈlɪtərəli ðə ˈæʃ.ɪz ʌv ðə ˈempres/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abound verb US /əˈbaʊnd/

be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities

From this reading “Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.”

cupola noun US /kəˈpoʊlə/

a vertical cylindrical furnace for melting iron for casting

From this reading “The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.”

foreseeing verb US /fɔːrˈsiːɪŋ/

-ing form of “foresee” — realize beforehand

From this reading “Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.”

marbles noun US /ˈmɑːrbəlz/

a children's game played with little balls made of a hard substance (as glass)

From this reading “The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.”

mausoleum noun US /ˌmɔːsəˈliːəm/

a large burial chamber, usually above ground

From this reading “Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.”

mosaics noun US /moʊˈzeɪɪks/

plural of “mosaic” — art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass

From this reading “The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.”

Ravenna noun US /rəˈvenə/

a battle between the French and an alliance of Spaniards and Swiss and Venetians in 1512

From this reading “Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.”

sarcophagus noun US /sɑːrˈkɑːfəɡəs/

a stone coffin (usually bearing sculpture or inscriptions)

From this reading “Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is in the form of a Latin cross, forty-six feet in length by about forty in width.

aboundverbUS /əˈbaʊnd/

be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It is in the form of a Latin cross, forty-six feet in length by about forty in width.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.

altarnounUS /ˈɔːltər/

the table in Christian churches where communion is given

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.

archnounUS /ɑːrtʃ/

a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

ashesnounUS /ˈæʃ.ɪz/

The powdery residue left after the burning of a substance.

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

BehindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It is in the form of a Latin cross, forty-six feet in length by about forty in width.

coververbUS /ˈkʌvər/

provide with a covering or cause to be covered

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

crossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading It is in the form of a Latin cross, forty-six feet in length by about forty in width.

cupolanounUS /kəˈpoʊlə/

a vertical cylindrical furnace for melting iron for casting

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

empressnounUS /ˈempres/

a woman emperor or the wife of an emperor

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading It is in the form of a Latin cross, forty-six feet in length by about forty in width.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.

foreseeingverbUS /fɔːrˈsiːɪŋ/

-ing form of “foresee” — realize beforehand

From this reading Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading It is in the form of a Latin cross, forty-six feet in length by about forty in width.

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading It is in the form of a Latin cross, forty-six feet in length by about forty in width.

forty-sixadjective

being six more than forty

From this reading It is in the form of a Latin cross, forty-six feet in length by about forty in width.

Galla

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

GoodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is in the form of a Latin cross, forty-six feet in length by about forty in width.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is in the form of a Latin cross, forty-six feet in length by about forty in width.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading It is in the form of a Latin cross, forty-six feet in length by about forty in width.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading It is in the form of a Latin cross, forty-six feet in length by about forty in width.

literallyadverbUS /ˈlɪtərəli/

in a literal sense

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

magnificentadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/

characterized by grandeur

From this reading Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.

marblenounUS /ˈmɑːrbəl/

a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

marblesnounUS /ˈmɑːrbəlz/

a children's game played with little balls made of a hard substance (as glass)

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

massiveadjectiveUS /ˈmæsɪv/

imposing in size or bulk or solidity

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

mausoleumnounUS /ˌmɔːsəˈliːəm/

a large burial chamber, usually above ground

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

mosaicsnounUS /moʊˈzeɪɪks/

plural of “mosaic” — art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

occupationnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.

pavedadjectiveUS /peɪvd/

covered with a firm surface

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

Placidia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

platesnounUS /pleɪts/

plural of “plate” — (baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands; it must be touched by a base runner in order to score

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

prudentadjectiveUS /ˈpruːdənt/

careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment

From this reading Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.

RavennanounUS /rəˈvenə/

a battle between the French and an alliance of Spaniards and Swiss and Venetians in 1512

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

representationnounUS /ˌreprəzenˈteɪʃən/

a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

sarcophagusnounUS /sɑːrˈkɑːfəɡəs/

a stone coffin (usually bearing sculpture or inscriptions)

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

sepulchernoun

a chamber that is used as a grave

From this reading Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

ShepherdnounUS /ˈʃepərd/

a clergyman who watches over a group of people

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Placidia was also prudent and foreseeing, and built this once magnificent sepulcher for her own occupation.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

tornadjectiveUS /tɔːrn/

having edges that are jagged from injury

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Behind the altar is the massive sarcophagus of marble (its cover of silver plates was long ago torn off) in which are literally the ashes of the empress.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

widthnounUS /wɪdθ/

the extent of something from side to side

From this reading It is in the form of a Latin cross, forty-six feet in length by about forty in width.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The floor is paved with rich marbles; the cupola is covered with mosaics of the time of the empress; and in the arch over the door is a fine representation of the Good Shepherd.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Old women abound in Ravenna; at least, she was not young who showed us the mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

Chapter 16 of Saunterings by Charles Dudley Warner holds 123 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Saunterings contain?

Chapter 16 holds 123 sentences of Saunterings, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Saunterings by Charles Dudley Warner exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 123 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Saunterings?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Saunterings

Common questions about reading Saunterings by Charles Dudley Warner on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Saunterings?

Yes. All 3120 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3128 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Saunterings is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3128, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Saunterings take to read?

About 260 minutes of reading across 624 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Saunterings section by section

How to work through Saunterings section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of Saunterings to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Saunterings

Words and structures a reader meets early in Saunterings, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Indulgent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saunterings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Public
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saunterings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Saunter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saunterings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Under
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Saunterings; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.