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Scientific Romances (First Series)
Scientific Romances (First Series)

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Scientific Romances (First Series) is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Scientific Romances (First Series)
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.
We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.
But there are many actions besides these.
For instance, suppose before us a spring coiled up.
When it unwinds it “exerts force,” it transmits movement.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Scientific Romances (First Series)

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Scientific Romances (First Series) is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.
/ðə moʊst əˈperəntli ˈsɪmpəl ˈmuːvmənts ɑːr ðoʊz wɪtʃ wiː siː ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs ɑːn ðə ˈsɜːrfəs ʌv ðə ɜːrθ kəˈnektɪd wɪð ðə ˈeɪdʒənsi wɪtʃ wiː kɔːl ˌɡrævɪˈteɪʃən/
Line 2
We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.
/wiː siː ðə ˈrɪvərz ˈfloʊɪŋ frʌm ə ˈhaɪər tuː ə ˈloʊər ˈlevəl rɑːks wen ˈluːsənd frʌm ə ˈmaʊntən saɪd ˈroʊlɪŋ daʊn reɪn ˈfɑːlɪŋ ənd ˈmeni ˈmaɪnər ˈtʃeɪndʒəz ʌv ðɪs sɔːrt/
Line 3
But there are many actions besides these.
/bʌt ðer ɑːr ˈmeni ˈækʃənz bɪˈsaɪdz ðiːz/
Line 4
For instance, suppose before us a spring coiled up.
/fɔːr ˈɪnstəns səˈpoʊz bɪˈfɔːr ʌs ə sprɪŋ kɔɪld ʌp/
Line 5
When it unwinds it “exerts force,” it transmits movement.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

agency noun US /ˈeɪdʒənsi/

an administrative unit of government

From this reading “The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.”

coiled adjective US /kɔɪld/

curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals)

From this reading “For instance, suppose before us a spring coiled up.”

exerts verb US /ɪɡˈzɜːrts/

third-person singular of “exert” — put to use

From this reading “When it unwinds it “exerts force,” it transmits movement.”

flowing noun US /ˈfloʊɪŋ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading “We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.”

gravitation noun US /ˌɡrævɪˈteɪʃən/

(physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface

From this reading “The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.”

loosened adjective US /ˈluːsənd/

straightened out

From this reading “We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.”

minor adjective US /ˈmaɪnər/

of lesser importance or stature or rank

From this reading “We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.”

transmits verb US /trænzˈmɪts/

third-person singular of “transmit” — transfer to another

From this reading “When it unwinds it “exerts force,” it transmits movement.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

lower level verb + noun

In this reading “We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.”

rivers flowing noun + noun counted as “river flowing”

In this reading “We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.”

For instance preposition + noun

as an example

In this reading “For instance, suppose before us a spring coiled up.”

mountain side noun + noun

In this reading “We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.”

taking place noun + noun

In this reading “The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.”

on the surface preposition + article + noun counted as “on … surface”

In this reading “The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.”

from a mountain preposition + article + noun counted as “from … mountain”

In this reading “We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

actionsnounUS /ˈækʃənz/

plural of “action” — something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading But there are many actions besides these.

agencynounUS /ˈeɪdʒənsi/

an administrative unit of government

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading For instance, suppose before us a spring coiled up.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading But there are many actions besides these.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But there are many actions besides these.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

coiledadjectiveUS /kɔɪld/

curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals)

From this reading For instance, suppose before us a spring coiled up.

connectedadjectiveUS /kəˈnektɪd/

being joined in close association

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

exertsverbUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrts/

third-person singular of “exert” — put to use

From this reading When it unwinds it “exerts force,” it transmits movement.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

flowingnounUS /ˈfloʊɪŋ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For instance, suppose before us a spring coiled up.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading When it unwinds it “exerts force,” it transmits movement.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

gravitationnounUS /ˌɡrævɪˈteɪʃən/

(physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading For instance, suppose before us a spring coiled up.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When it unwinds it “exerts force,” it transmits movement.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

loosenedadjectiveUS /ˈluːsənd/

straightened out

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

minoradjectiveUS /ˈmaɪnər/

of lesser importance or stature or rank

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading When it unwinds it “exerts force,” it transmits movement.

movementsnounUS /ˈmuːvmənts/

plural of “movement” — a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

riversnounUS /ˈrɪvərz/

plural of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

rollingadjectiveUS /ˈroʊlɪŋ/

uttered with a trill

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading For instance, suppose before us a spring coiled up.

supposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading For instance, suppose before us a spring coiled up.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But there are many actions besides these.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading But there are many actions besides these.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

transmitsverbUS /trænzˈmɪts/

third-person singular of “transmit” — transfer to another

From this reading When it unwinds it “exerts force,” it transmits movement.

unwinds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When it unwinds it “exerts force,” it transmits movement.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading For instance, suppose before us a spring coiled up.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading For instance, suppose before us a spring coiled up.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading We see the rivers flowing from a higher to a lower level, rocks when loosened from a mountain side rolling down, rain falling, and many minor changes of this sort.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The most apparently simple movements are those which we see taking place on the surface of the earth, connected with the agency which we call gravitation.

Chapter 20 of Scientific Romances (First Series) by Charles Howard Hinton holds 96 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Scientific Romances (First Series) contain?

Chapter 20 holds 96 sentences of Scientific Romances (First Series), unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Scientific Romances (First Series) by Charles Howard Hinton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 96 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Scientific Romances (First Series)?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Scientific Romances (First Series)

Common questions about reading Scientific Romances (First Series) by Charles Howard Hinton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Scientific Romances (First Series)?

Yes. All 2987 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #49289 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Scientific Romances (First Series) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #49289, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Scientific Romances (First Series) take to read?

About 248 minutes of reading across 598 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Scientific Romances (First Series) section by section

How to work through Scientific Romances (First Series) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Scientific Romances (First Series)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Scientific Romances (First Series), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Scientific Romances (First Series); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Actions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Scientific Romances (First Series); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Largely
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Scientific Romances (First Series); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Influenced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Scientific Romances (First Series); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.