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Scottish Sketches
Scottish Sketches

Chapter III

Cover illustration for Scottish Sketches
Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.
The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.
Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.
Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.
Crawford had grown younger in the ardent life he had been leading.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Scottish Sketches

Chapter III

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.
Line 2
The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.
Line 3
Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.
Line 4
Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.
Line 5
Crawford had grown younger in the ardent life he had been leading.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.”

Found noun US /found/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.”

Hands plural noun US /hændz/

members of a ship’s crew

From this reading “Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Crawford had grown younger in the ardent life he had been leading.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.”

Pit noun US /pɪt/

A large hole in the ground, or an abyss of darkness and peril.

From this reading “The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.”

Quite noun US /quite/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.”

Struck noun US /struck/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.”

Though conjunction US /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading “Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.”

Well noun US /well/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.”

Went noun US /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

almost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

ardent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Crawford had grown younger in the ardent life he had been leading.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.

Blair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

built

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

character

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

clachans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

clan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

coal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.

Crawford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

departure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

edge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

extreme

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

Farquharson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.

foundnounUS /found/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

furnaces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.

gone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.

grown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Crawford had grown younger in the ardent life he had been leading.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

handsplural nounUS /hændz/

members of a ship’s crew

From this reading Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.

iron

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.

land

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

leading

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Crawford had grown younger in the ardent life he had been leading.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Crawford had grown younger in the ardent life he had been leading.

lost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

mouth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

opened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.

ore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.

pastoral

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

pig

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.

pitnounUS /pɪt/

A large hole in the ground, or an abyss of darkness and peril.

From this reading The coal pit had been opened, and great iron furnaces built almost at its mouth.

proved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

quitenounUS /quite/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

rich

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

satisfied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

seam

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

smelted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.

strucknounUS /struck/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

Things

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

traces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

Traquare

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

unusually

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

well

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

wentnounUS /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Farquharson had struck hands with him over it, and the Blair iron ore went to the Crawford furnaces to be smelted into pig iron.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Things had gone well with Crawford; the seam had proved to be unusually rich; and, though the iron had been found, not on his land, but on the extreme edge of Blair, he was quite satisfied.

year

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In a year after the departure of the clan, the clachans of Crawford and Traquare had lost almost all traces of their old pastoral character.

younger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Crawford had grown younger in the ardent life he had been leading.