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Scottish sketches
Scottish sketches

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Scottish sketches is here in full — 125 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.
Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.
The fact was, Colin inherited his mother's, and not his father's temperament.
The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.
Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Scottish sketches

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Scottish sketches is here in full — 125 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.
Line 2
Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.
Line 3
The fact was, Colin inherited his mother's, and not his father's temperament.
Line 4
The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.
Line 5
Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

descendant noun US /dɪˈsendənt/

a person considered as descended from some ancestor

From this reading “The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.”

enterprises noun US /ˈentərpraɪzɪz/

plural of “enterprise” — a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading “Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.”

inert adjective US /ˌɪˈnɜːrt/

unable to move or resist motion

From this reading “The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.”

parishioners noun US /pərˈɪʃənərz/

plural of “parishioner” — a member of a parish

From this reading “But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.”

Scandinavian adjective US /ˌskændɪˈneɪviən/

of or relating to Scandinavia or its peoples or cultures

From this reading “The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.”

stormed verb US /stɔːrmd/

past form of “storm” — behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading “Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.”

ugliness noun US /ˈʌɡlinəs/

qualities of appearance that do not give pleasure to the senses

From this reading “Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.”

Vikings noun US /ˈvaɪkɪŋz/

plural of “viking” — any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

From this reading “The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

batterynounUS /ˈbætəri/

group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

capableadjectiveUS /ˈkeɪpəbəl/

(usually followed by “of”) having capacity or ability

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

closeradverbUS /ˈkloʊsər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

Colin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

CrawfordnounUS /ˈkrɔːfərd/

United States neoclassical sculptor (1814-1857)

From this reading Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.

dareverbUS /der/

take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

descendantnounUS /dɪˈsendənt/

a person considered as descended from some ancestor

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

dominienoun

a clergyman; especially a settled minister or parson

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

dreamyadjectiveUS /ˈdriːmi/

dreamy in mood or nature

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

driftingnounUS /ˈdrɪftɪŋ/

aimless wandering from place to place

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

enterprisesnounUS /ˈentərpraɪzɪz/

plural of “enterprise” — a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading The fact was, Colin inherited his mother's, and not his father's temperament.

fartheradjectiveUS /ˈfɑːrðər/

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The fact was, Colin inherited his mother's, and not his father's temperament.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.

fitsnounUS /fɪts/

plural of “fit” — a display of bad temper

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

forlornadjectiveUS /fərˈlɔːrn/

marked by or showing hopelessness

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

frettedadjectiveUS /ˈfretɪd/

having frets

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.

inertadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnɜːrt/

unable to move or resist motion

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

inheritedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈherətɪd/

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading The fact was, Colin inherited his mother's, and not his father's temperament.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

keenlyadverbUS /ˈkiːnli/

in a keen or penetrating way

From this reading Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

lairdnounUS /lerd/

a landowner

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.

monotonynounUS /məˈnɑːtəni/

the quality of wearisome constancy, routine, and lack of variety

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

mother'snounUS /ˈmʌðərz/

possessive form of “mother” — a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading The fact was, Colin inherited his mother's, and not his father's temperament.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The fact was, Colin inherited his mother's, and not his father's temperament.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.

parishionersnounUS /pərˈɪʃənərz/

plural of “parishioner” — a member of a parish

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

poeticadjectiveUS /poʊˈetɪk/

of or relating to poetry

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

pureadjectiveUS /pjʊr/

free of extraneous elements of any kind

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

rousingadjectiveUS /ˈraʊzɪŋ/

capable of arousing enthusiasm or excitement

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

ScandinavianadjectiveUS /ˌskændɪˈneɪviən/

of or relating to Scandinavia or its peoples or cultures

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

stormedverbUS /stɔːrmd/

past form of “storm” — behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

temperamentnounUS /ˈtemprəmənt/

your usual mood

From this reading The fact was, Colin inherited his mother's, and not his father's temperament.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.

Udaller

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

uglinessnounUS /ˈʌɡlinəs/

qualities of appearance that do not give pleasure to the senses

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

VikingsnounUS /ˈvaɪkɪŋz/

plural of “viking” — any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The fact was, Colin inherited his mother's, and not his father's temperament.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading But during these very days, when the dominie and his parishioners were drawing a step closer to each other, the laird and his son were drifting farther apart.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Crawford felt keenly that Colin took no interest in the great enterprises which filled his own life.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

worriedadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrid/

afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble or grief

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Colin would have led a forlorn hope or stormed a battery; but the bare ugliness and monotony of his life at the works fretted and worried him.

Zetlandnoun

an archipelago of about 100 islands in the North Atlantic off the north coast of Scotland

From this reading The late Lady Crawford had been the daughter of a Zetland Udaller, a pure Scandinavian, a descendant of the old Vikings, and she inherited from them a poetic imagination and a nature dreamy and inert, though capable of rousing itself into fits of courage that could dare the impossible.

Chapter 4 of Scottish sketches by Amelia E. Barr holds 125 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Scottish sketches contain?

Chapter 4 holds 125 sentences of Scottish sketches, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Scottish sketches by Amelia E. Barr exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 125 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Scottish sketches?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Scottish sketches

Common questions about reading Scottish sketches by Amelia E. Barr on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Scottish sketches?

Yes. All 3507 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14494 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Scottish sketches is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14494, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Scottish sketches take to read?

About 292 minutes of reading across 702 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Scottish sketches section by section

How to work through Scottish sketches section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of Scottish sketches to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Scottish sketches

Words and structures a reader meets early in Scottish sketches, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Conversation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Scottish sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Progress
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Scottish sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Strangely
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Scottish sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dissimilar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Scottish sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.