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Scottish Sketches
Scottish Sketches

Chapter XXXI

Cover illustration for Scottish Sketches
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.
There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.
But no storms kept Christine long away from him.
Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.
All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Scottish Sketches

Chapter XXXI

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.
Line 2
There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.
Line 3
But no storms kept Christine long away from him.
Line 4
Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.
Line 5
All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.”

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.”

Fair noun US /fair/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.”

John noun US /john/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.”

Little noun US /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “But no storms kept Christine long away from him.”

May modal verb US /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.”

Passed noun US /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.”

Soon noun US /soon/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.”

Sure noun US /sure/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.”

Until preposition US /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading “There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

All

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

almost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

bogs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

borne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.

chasms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

Christine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But no storms kept Christine long away from him.

constant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

country

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

court

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

December

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

dreary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

fairnounUS /fair/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But no storms kept Christine long away from him.

glad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

grew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

hearing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But no storms kept Christine long away from him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

impassable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

imprisonment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

island

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.

jail

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

John

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

kept

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But no storms kept Christine long away from him.

Kirkwall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

littlenounUS /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

lonely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading But no storms kept Christine long away from him.

loved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

mosses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.

passednounUS /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.

perform

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

ponies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

roads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

snows

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.

soon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.

steeple-chase

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

storms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.

summer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.

surenounUS /sure/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

swept

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

things

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

try

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

way

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Over almost impassable roads and mosses she made her way on the little ponies of the country, which had to perform a constant steeple-chase over the bogs and chasms.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading All things may be borne when they are sure; and every one who loved John was glad when at last he could have a fair hearing.

winter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But soon the summer passed away, and the storms and snows of winter swept over the lonely island.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading There would be no court until December to try John, and his imprisonment in Kirkwall jail grew every day more dreary.