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Second to None — Volume 2
Second to None — Volume 2

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Second to None — Volume 2 is here in full — 24 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Chapter 20 of Second to None — Volume 2 by James Grant holds 24 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Second to None — Volume 2 contain?

Chapter 20 holds 24 sentences of Second to None — Volume 2, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Second to None — Volume 2 by James Grant exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 24 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Second to None — Volume 2?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of Second to None — Volume 2?

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Which edition of Second to None — Volume 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Second to None — Volume 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Second to None — Volume 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in Second to None — Volume 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Second to None — Volume 2, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Second to None — Volume 2, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Second to None — Volume 2, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Cover illustration for Second to None — Volume 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SACK OF CHERBOURG.
During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.
Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.
To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.
In short, the noble harbour of Cherbourg was utterly ruined, and the shipping it contained was given to the flames.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Second to None — Volume 2

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Second to None — Volume 2 is here in full — 24 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SACK OF CHERBOURG.
Line 2
During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.
Line 3
Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.
Line 4
To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.
Line 5
In short, the noble harbour of Cherbourg was utterly ruined, and the shipping it contained was given to the flames.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Art auxiliary verb US /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading “To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.”

During preposition US /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading “During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.”

Length noun US /leŋθ/

a period of time or extent

From this reading “Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

basins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

blasts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

Bligh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

built

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

carried

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

celebrated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

CHERBOURG

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SACK OF CHERBOURG.

closed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

contain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

contained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In short, the noble harbour of Cherbourg was utterly ruined, and the shipping it contained was given to the flames.

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

destroy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

destruction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

effect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

English

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

enough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

expense

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

feet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

few

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

fifteen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

five

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

flames

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In short, the noble harbour of Cherbourg was utterly ruined, and the shipping it contained was given to the flames.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

formed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

fortification

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

forty-two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

gates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

General

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

given

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In short, the noble harbour of Cherbourg was utterly ruined, and the shipping it contained was given to the flames.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

harbour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

hundred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

inner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In short, the noble harbour of Cherbourg was utterly ruined, and the shipping it contained was given to the flames.

labour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

large

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

lengthnounUS /leŋθ/

a period of time or extent

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

line

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

Louis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

making

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

Marshal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

million

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

noble

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SACK OF CHERBOURG.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

outer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

partially

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

perished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

piers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

plans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

pounds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

proposed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

prosecute

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

reign

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

ruined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In short, the noble harbour of Cherbourg was utterly ruined, and the shipping it contained was given to the flames.

SACK

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SACK OF CHERBOURG.

shipping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In short, the noble harbour of Cherbourg was utterly ruined, and the shipping it contained was given to the flames.

ships

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

short

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In short, the noble harbour of Cherbourg was utterly ruined, and the shipping it contained was given to the flames.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

soldiers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

spacious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

subsequently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SACK OF CHERBOURG.

then

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

thirty

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From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

thousand

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From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

Two

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From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

utterly

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From this reading In short, the noble harbour of Cherbourg was utterly ruined, and the shipping it contained was given to the flames.

Vauban

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From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In short, the noble harbour of Cherbourg was utterly ruined, and the shipping it contained was given to the flames.

well

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From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

wide

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two piers, one a thousand, the other five hundred, feet in length, had been built, and outer and inner basins were made large enough to contain ships of the line; these basins were closed by gates each forty-two feet wide.

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.

XIV

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the reign of Louis XIV. plans had been proposed by the celebrated Marshal Vauban, for the fortification of Cherbourg; these were then only partially carried into effect, but a noble and spacious harbour had subsequently been formed.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To destroy these, General Bligh had fifteen hundred soldiers at work making blasts, and so well did they prosecute the art of destruction, that the labour of thirty years, and the expense of one million two hundred thousand pounds (English) perished in a few days.