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Secret History
Secret History

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Secret History is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Secret History
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!
I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.
On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.
The first part of the plot was discovered and defeated.
But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Secret History

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Secret History is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!
Line 2
I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.
Line 3
On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.
Line 4
The first part of the plot was discovered and defeated.
/ðə fɜːrst pɑːrt ʌv ðə plɑːt wɑːz dɪˈskʌvərd ənd dɪˈfiːtəd/
Line 5
But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arsenal noun US /ˈɑːrsənəl/

all the weapons and equipment that a country has

From this reading “On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.”

blamed adjective US /bleɪmd/

expletives used informally as intensifiers

From this reading “I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.”

confided verb US /kənˈfaɪdɪd/

past form of “confide” — reveal in private; tell confidentially

From this reading “But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.”

defeated adjective US /dɪˈfiːtəd/

beaten or overcome; not victorious

From this reading “The first part of the plot was discovered and defeated.”

imprudently adverb US /ˌɪmˈpruːdəntli/

in an imprudent manner

From this reading “But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.”

mulatto noun US /məˈlɑːtoʊ/

an offspring of a black and a white parent

From this reading “On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.”

overlooked adjective US /ˈoʊvərlʊkt/

not taken into account

From this reading “On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.”

overpower verb US /ˌoʊvərˈpaʊər/

overcome by superior force

From this reading “On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

taken place adjective + noun

In this reading “_Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!”

last letter adjective + noun

In this reading “_Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!”

first part adjective + noun

In this reading “The first part of the plot was discovered and defeated.”

in the evening preposition + article + noun counted as “in … evening”

In this reading “But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.”

on the field preposition + article + noun counted as “on … field”

In this reading “On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

arsenalnounUS /ˈɑːrsənəl/

all the weapons and equipment that a country has

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

blamedadjectiveUS /bleɪmd/

expletives used informally as intensifiers

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

cannonnounUS /ˈkænən/

a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

CapenounUS /keɪp/

a strip of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading _Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading _Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!

Clairvaux

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

Clerc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

confidedverbUS /kənˈfaɪdɪd/

past form of “confide” — reveal in private; tell confidentially

From this reading But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.

confidencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

costnounUS /kɑːst/

the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

defeatedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfiːtəd/

beaten or overcome; not victorious

From this reading The first part of the plot was discovered and defeated.

destructionnounUS /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

enteringnounUS /ˈentərɪŋ/

a movement into or inward

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first part of the plot was discovered and defeated.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

fortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

Francois

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

guarde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

guardsnounUS /ɡɑːrdz/

plural of “guard” — a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading _Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!

highlyadverbUS /ˈhaɪli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

imprudentlyadverbUS /ˌɪmˈpruːdəntli/

in an imprudent manner

From this reading But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

joinverbUS /dʒɔɪn/

become part of; become a member of a group or organization

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

justlyadverbUS /ˈdʒʌstli/

with honesty

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading _Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!

LenounUS /lə/

a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading _Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

mulattonounUS /məˈlɑːtoʊ/

an offspring of a black and a white parent

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading _Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!

nationale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

negroesnounUS /ˈniːɡroʊz/

plural of “negro” — a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

overlookedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊvərlʊkt/

not taken into account

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

overpowerverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈpaʊər/

overcome by superior force

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The first part of the plot was discovered and defeated.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading _Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

plotnounUS /plɑːt/

a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

postverbUS /poʊst/

affix in a public place or for public notice

From this reading But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.

postsnounUS /poʊsts/

plural of “post” — the position where someone (as a guard or sentry) stands or is assigned to stand

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

reviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

seizeverbUS /siːz/

take hold of; grab

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading _Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But Clairvaux made good his escape, and in the evening attacked the post General Le Clerc had so imprudently confided to him.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading _Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I mentioned that there was to be a grand review, and I also mentioned that the confidence General Le Clerc placed in the negroes was highly blamed, and justly, as he has found to his cost.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading _Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

whilstconjunctionUS /waɪlst/

an old and formal word for “while”

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading On the day of the review, when the troops of the line and the guarde nationale were assembled on the field, a plot was discovered, which had been formed by the negroes in the town, to seize the arsenal and to point the cannon of a fort, which overlooked the place of review, on the troops; whilst Clairvaux, the mulatto general, who commanded the advanced posts, was to join the negroes of the plain, overpower the guards, and entering the town, complete the destruction of the white inhabitants.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading _Cape Francois._ What a change has taken place here since my last letter was written!

Chapter 3 of Secret History by Leonora Sansay holds 40 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Secret History contain?

Chapter 3 holds 40 sentences of Secret History, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Secret History by Leonora Sansay exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 40 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Secret History?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Secret History

Common questions about reading Secret History by Leonora Sansay on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Secret History?

Yes. All 1471 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #59533 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Secret History is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #59533, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Secret History take to read?

About 122 minutes of reading across 295 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Secret History section by section

How to work through Secret History section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of Secret History to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Secret History

Words and structures a reader meets early in Secret History, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

General
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Secret History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rochambeau
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Secret History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Secret History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Secret History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.