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Secret History
Secret History

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of Secret History is here in full — 38 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Secret History
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.
He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.
They were, however, soon overpowered and taken.
The English admiral would not admit the general in chief into his presence.
He has been sent to Jamaica, from whence he will be transported to England.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Secret History

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of Secret History is here in full — 38 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.
Line 2
He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.
Line 3
They were, however, soon overpowered and taken.
/ðeɪ wɜːr ˌhaʊˈevər suːn ˌoʊvərˈpaʊərd ənd ˈteɪkən/
Line 4
The English admiral would not admit the general in chief into his presence.
/ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈædmərəl wʊd nɑːt ədˈmɪt ðə ˈdʒenərəl ɪn tʃiːf ˈɪntuː hɪz ˈprezəns/
Line 5
He has been sent to Jamaica, from whence he will be transported to England.
/hiː hæz bɪn sent tuː dʒəˈmeɪkə frʌm wens hiː wɪl biː trænˈspɔːrtɪd tuː ˈɪŋɡlənd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

capitulation noun US /kəˌpɪtʃəˈleɪʃən/

a document containing the terms of surrender

From this reading “_St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.”

Cuba noun US /ˈkjuːbə/

a communist state in the Caribbean on the island of Cuba

From this reading “_St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.”

embarked verb US /emˈbɑːrkt/

past form of “embark” — go on board

From this reading “He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.”

evacuated verb US /ɪˈvækjəweɪtɪd/

past form of “evacuate” — move out of an unsafe location into safety

From this reading “_St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.”

Jamaica noun US /dʒəˈmeɪkə/

a country on the island of Jamaica; became independent of England in 1962; much poverty; the major industry is tourism

From this reading “He has been sent to Jamaica, from whence he will be transported to England.”

overpowered verb US /ˌoʊvərˈpaʊərd/

past form of “overpower” — overcome by superior force

From this reading “They were, however, soon overpowered and taken.”

shameful adjective US /ˈʃeɪmfəl/

(used of conduct or character) deserving or bringing disgrace or shame

From this reading “_St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.”

transported verb US /trænˈspɔːrtɪd/

past form of “transport” — move something or somebody around; usually over long distances

From this reading “He has been sent to Jamaica, from whence he will be transported to England.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

from whence preposition + adverb

In this reading “He has been sent to Jamaica, from whence he will be transported to England.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

admiralnounUS /ˈædmərəl/

the supreme commander of a fleet; ranks above a vice admiral and below a fleet admiral

From this reading The English admiral would not admit the general in chief into his presence.

admitverbUS /ədˈmɪt/

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading The English admiral would not admit the general in chief into his presence.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He has been sent to Jamaica, from whence he will be transported to England.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He has been sent to Jamaica, from whence he will be transported to England.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

CapenounUS /keɪp/

a strip of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

capitulationnounUS /kəˌpɪtʃəˈleɪʃən/

a document containing the terms of surrender

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading The English admiral would not admit the general in chief into his presence.

choseverbUS /tʃoʊz/

inflected form of “choose” — pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

CubanounUS /ˈkjuːbə/

a communist state in the Caribbean on the island of Cuba

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

Dessalines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

embarkedverbUS /emˈbɑːrkt/

past form of “embark” — go on board

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading He has been sent to Jamaica, from whence he will be transported to England.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The English admiral would not admit the general in chief into his presence.

evacuatedverbUS /ɪˈvækjəweɪtɪd/

past form of “evacuate” — move out of an unsafe location into safety

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He has been sent to Jamaica, from whence he will be transported to England.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading They were, however, soon overpowered and taken.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The English admiral would not admit the general in chief into his presence.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

intendingverbUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪŋ/

-ing form of “intend” — have in mind as a purpose

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The English admiral would not admit the general in chief into his presence.

Jago

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

JamaicanounUS /dʒəˈmeɪkə/

a country on the island of Jamaica; became independent of England in 1962; much poverty; the major industry is tourism

From this reading He has been sent to Jamaica, from whence he will be transported to England.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

negroesnounUS /ˈniːɡroʊz/

plural of “negro” — a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The English admiral would not admit the general in chief into his presence.

overpoweredverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈpaʊərd/

past form of “overpower” — overcome by superior force

From this reading They were, however, soon overpowered and taken.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading The English admiral would not admit the general in chief into his presence.

presentedverbUS /priˈzentɪd/

past form of “present” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

Rochambeaunoun

French general who commanded French troops in the American Revolution, notably at Yorktown (1725-1807)

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading He has been sent to Jamaica, from whence he will be transported to England.

shamefuladjectiveUS /ˈʃeɪmfəl/

(used of conduct or character) deserving or bringing disgrace or shame

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading They were, however, soon overpowered and taken.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

suitenounUS /swiːt/

a musical composition of several movements only loosely connected

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

superbadjectiveUS /sʊˈpɜːrb/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading They were, however, soon overpowered and taken.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were, however, soon overpowered and taken.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

transportedverbUS /trænˈspɔːrtɪd/

past form of “transport” — move something or somebody around; usually over long distances

From this reading He has been sent to Jamaica, from whence he will be transported to England.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were, however, soon overpowered and taken.

whenceadverbUS /wens/

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading He has been sent to Jamaica, from whence he will be transported to England.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He presented his superb horses to Dessalines, and then embarked with his suite, and all the inhabitants who chose to follow him, intending to fight his way through the British ships.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading He has been sent to Jamaica, from whence he will be transported to England.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading _St. Jago de Cuba._ General Rochambeau, after having made a shameful capitulation with the negroes, has evacuated the Cape.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The English admiral would not admit the general in chief into his presence.

Chapter 22 of Secret History by Leonora Sansay holds 38 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of Secret History contain?

Chapter 22 holds 38 sentences of Secret History, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of Secret History by Leonora Sansay exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 38 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of Secret History?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Secret History

Common questions about reading Secret History by Leonora Sansay on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Secret History?

Yes. All 1471 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #59533 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Secret History is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #59533, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Secret History take to read?

About 122 minutes of reading across 295 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Secret History section by section

How to work through Secret History section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of Secret History to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Secret History

Words and structures a reader meets early in Secret History, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

General
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Secret History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rochambeau
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Secret History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Secret History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Secret History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.