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Selected Polish Tales
Selected Polish Tales

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Selected Polish Tales is here in full — 298 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Selected Polish Tales
Context Illustration Reading 1/59 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was the height of summer.
The squire and his wife had gone away, and the villagers had forgotten all about them.
New wool had begun to grow on the shorn sheep.
The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.
But human beings had to toil their hardest at this time.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Selected Polish Tales

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Selected Polish Tales is here in full — 298 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/59 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was the height of summer.
/ɪt wɑːz ðə haɪt ʌv ˈsʌmər/
Line 2
The squire and his wife had gone away, and the villagers had forgotten all about them.
/ðə skwaɪr ənd hɪz waɪf hæd ɡɔːn əˈweɪ ənd ðə ˈvɪlɪdʒərz hæd fərˈɡɑːt.n̩ ɔːl əˈbaʊt ðem/
Line 3
New wool had begun to grow on the shorn sheep.
/nuː wʊl hæd bɪˈɡʌn tuː ɡroʊ ɑːn ðə ʃɔːrn ʃiːp/
Line 4
The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.
Line 5
But human beings had to toil their hardest at this time.
/bʌt ˈhjuːmən ˈbiːɪŋz hæd tuː tɔɪl ðer ˈhɑːrdəst æt ðɪs taɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crops noun US /krɑːps/

plural of “crop” — the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading “The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.”

hardest adverb US /ˈhɑːrdəst/

superlative of “hard” — with effort or force or vigor

From this reading “But human beings had to toil their hardest at this time.”

meadows noun US /ˈmedoʊz/

plural of “meadow” — a field where grass or alfalfa are grown to be made into hay

From this reading “The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.”

protected adjective US /prəˈtektɪd/

kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss

From this reading “The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.”

shorn adjective US /ʃɔːrn/

having the hair or wool cut or clipped off as if with shears or clippers

From this reading “New wool had begun to grow on the shorn sheep.”

toil verb US /tɔɪl/

work hard

From this reading “But human beings had to toil their hardest at this time.”

villagers noun US /ˈvɪlɪdʒərz/

plural of “villager” — one who has lived in a village most of their life

From this reading “The squire and his wife had gone away, and the villagers had forgotten all about them.”

wool noun US /wʊl/

a fabric made from the hair of sheep

From this reading “New wool had begun to grow on the shorn sheep.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The squire and his wife had gone away, and the villagers had forgotten all about them.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The squire and his wife had gone away, and the villagers had forgotten all about them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The squire and his wife had gone away, and the villagers had forgotten all about them.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But human beings had to toil their hardest at this time.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The squire and his wife had gone away, and the villagers had forgotten all about them.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading New wool had begun to grow on the shorn sheep.

beingsnounUS /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading But human beings had to toil their hardest at this time.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But human beings had to toil their hardest at this time.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

cropsnounUS /krɑːps/

plural of “crop” — the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

fledverbUS /fled/

inflected form of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

forgottenadjectiveUS /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading The squire and his wife had gone away, and the villagers had forgotten all about them.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading The squire and his wife had gone away, and the villagers had forgotten all about them.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading New wool had begun to grow on the shorn sheep.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The squire and his wife had gone away, and the villagers had forgotten all about them.

hardestadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdəst/

superlative of “hard” — with effort or force or vigor

From this reading But human beings had to toil their hardest at this time.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading It was the height of summer.

highroads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The squire and his wife had gone away, and the villagers had forgotten all about them.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading But human beings had to toil their hardest at this time.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the height of summer.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

meadowsnounUS /ˈmedoʊz/

plural of “meadow” — a field where grass or alfalfa are grown to be made into hay

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading New wool had begun to grow on the shorn sheep.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was the height of summer.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading New wool had begun to grow on the shorn sheep.

protectedadjectiveUS /prəˈtektɪd/

kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading New wool had begun to grow on the shorn sheep.

shornadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrn/

having the hair or wool cut or clipped off as if with shears or clippers

From this reading New wool had begun to grow on the shorn sheep.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

squirenounUS /skwaɪr/

young nobleman attendant on a knight

From this reading The squire and his wife had gone away, and the villagers had forgotten all about them.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading It was the height of summer.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was the height of summer.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading But human beings had to toil their hardest at this time.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The squire and his wife had gone away, and the villagers had forgotten all about them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But human beings had to toil their hardest at this time.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading But human beings had to toil their hardest at this time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading New wool had begun to grow on the shorn sheep.

toilverbUS /tɔɪl/

work hard

From this reading But human beings had to toil their hardest at this time.

villagersnounUS /ˈvɪlɪdʒərz/

plural of “villager” — one who has lived in a village most of their life

From this reading The squire and his wife had gone away, and the villagers had forgotten all about them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was the height of summer.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading The squire and his wife had gone away, and the villagers had forgotten all about them.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading The sun was so hot that the clouds fled from the sky into the woods, and the ground protected itself with what it could find; with dust on the highroads, grass in the meadows, and heavy crops in the fields.

woolnounUS /wʊl/

a fabric made from the hair of sheep

From this reading New wool had begun to grow on the shorn sheep.

Chapter 5 of Selected Polish Tales by Else C. M. (Else Cecilia Mendelssohn) [Translator] Benecke holds 298 sentences, grouped into 60 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Selected Polish Tales contain?

Chapter 5 holds 298 sentences of Selected Polish Tales, unabridged, divided into 60 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Selected Polish Tales by Else C. M. (Else Cecilia Mendelssohn) [Translator] Benecke exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 298 sentences, grouped into 60 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Selected Polish Tales?

Work through the 60 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 60 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Selected Polish Tales

Common questions about reading Selected Polish Tales by Else C. M. (Else Cecilia Mendelssohn) [Translator] Benecke on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Selected Polish Tales?

Yes. All 6123 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8378 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Selected Polish Tales is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8378, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Selected Polish Tales take to read?

About 510 minutes of reading across 1225 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Selected Polish Tales section by section

How to work through Selected Polish Tales section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 11 chapters of Selected Polish Tales to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Selected Polish Tales

Words and structures a reader meets early in Selected Polish Tales, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

River
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Selected Polish Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bialka
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Selected Polish Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Springs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Selected Polish Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Under
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Selected Polish Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.