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Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2
Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2 is here in full — 557 sentences across 112 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/111 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.
#Dialect:# Southern, free from South-Eastern influence.
The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.
But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.
The forms vyches, eueruyches occur elsewhere in MS.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2 is here in full — 557 sentences across 112 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/111 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.
Line 2
#Dialect:# Southern, free from South-Eastern influence.
Line 3
The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.
Line 4
But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.
Line 5
The forms vyches, eueruyches occur elsewhere in MS.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adverbs noun US /ˈædvərbz/

plural of “adverb” — the word class that qualifies verbs or clauses

From this reading “Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.”

Dialect noun US /ˈdaɪəlekt/

the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people

From this reading “#Dialect:# Southern, free from South-Eastern influence.”

Morale noun US /mərˈæl/

a state of individual psychological well-being based upon a sense of confidence and usefulness and purpose

From this reading “But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.”

Noteworthy adjective US /ˈnoʊtwɜːrði/

worthy of attention because interesting, significant, or unusual

From this reading “Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.”

occur verb US /əˈkɜːr/

come to pass

From this reading “The forms vyches, eueruyches occur elsewhere in MS.”

oft adverb US /ɔːft/

many times at short intervals

From this reading “Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.”

representation noun US /ˌreprəzenˈteɪʃən/

a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image

From this reading “The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.”

wavering noun US /ˈweɪvərɪŋ/

indecision in speech or action

From this reading “The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

free from verb + particle

In this reading “#Dialect:# Southern, free from South-Eastern influence.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

162

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

171

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

176

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

198

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

205

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

236

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

245

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

246

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

adverbsnounUS /ˈædvərbz/

plural of “adverb” — the word class that qualifies verbs or clauses

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

DialectnounUS /ˈdaɪəlekt/

the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people

From this reading #Dialect:# Southern, free from South-Eastern influence.

enounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.

elsewhereadverbUS /ˈelswer/

in or to another place

From this reading The forms vyches, eueruyches occur elsewhere in MS.

eueruyches

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The forms vyches, eueruyches occur elsewhere in MS.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The forms vyches, eueruyches occur elsewhere in MS.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.

frakele

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading #Dialect:# Southern, free from South-Eastern influence.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading #Dialect:# Southern, free from South-Eastern influence.

gefyrn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.

ifurn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

ihurd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

ihure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading #Dialect:# Southern, free from South-Eastern influence.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

lihte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

lyen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.

lēan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.

MiddlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

MoralenounUS /mərˈæl/

a state of individual psychological well-being based upon a sense of confidence and usefulness and purpose

From this reading But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.

MSnounUS /mɪz/

a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers

From this reading But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.

muchele

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

nasals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

NoteworthyadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtwɜːrði/

worthy of attention because interesting, significant, or unusual

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

occurverbUS /əˈkɜːr/

come to pass

From this reading The forms vyches, eueruyches occur elsewhere in MS.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

oftadverbUS /ɔːft/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

ofte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

Poema

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

representationnounUS /ˌreprəzenˈteɪʃən/

a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

South-Eastern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading #Dialect:# Southern, free from South-Eastern influence.

South-Western

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading #Dialect:# Southern, free from South-Eastern influence.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

vayre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

vuele

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Noteworthy adverbs are frakele 246, ifurn 236 (#gefyrn#), lihte 198, muchele 162, vuele 171, 176, vayre 245, 246: #oft# is always ofte.

vyches

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The forms vyches, eueruyches occur elsewhere in MS.

waveringnounUS /ˈweɪvərɪŋ/

indecision in speech or action

From this reading The wavering in the representation of #a# before nasals points to the Middle South, but ihure 10, ihurd 205 are South-Western.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.

īe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But this representation of #īe#, as well as lyen (= lēan), is found in MS. e of the Poema Morale, which is generally taken as of the Middle South.

Chapter 7 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2 by Joseph[Editor] Hall holds 557 sentences, grouped into 112 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2 contain?

Chapter 7 holds 557 sentences of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2, unabridged, divided into 112 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2 by Joseph[Editor] Hall exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 557 sentences, grouped into 112 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2?

Work through the 112 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 112 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #43555, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Notes
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Volume
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Accompanying
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