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Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2
Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2 is here in full — 553 sentences across 111 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/110 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
190.
#woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.
But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.
Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.
191.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2 is here in full — 553 sentences across 111 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/110 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
190.
Line 2
#woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.
Line 3
But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.
Line 4
Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.
Line 5
191.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

elder noun US /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading “Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.”

fit verb US /fɪt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading “Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.”

perverse adjective US /pərˈvɜːrs/

marked by a disposition to oppose and contradict

From this reading “Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.”

repetition noun US /ˌrepəˈtɪʃən/

an event that repeats

From this reading “#woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.”

requires verb US /riˈkwaɪərz/

third-person singular of “require” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading “Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.”

speech noun US /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading “Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.”

writes verb US /raɪts/

third-person singular of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading “Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.”

younger adjective US /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading “Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

190

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 190.

191

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 191.

3327

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

4333

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

dnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

eldernounUS /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

fitverbUS /fɪt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

JnounUS /dʒeɪ/

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

Layamon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

MSnounUS /mɪz/

a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

perverseadjectiveUS /pərˈvɜːrs/

marked by a disposition to oppose and contradict

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

repetitionnounUS /ˌrepəˈtɪʃən/

an event that repeats

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

requiresverbUS /riˈkwaɪərz/

third-person singular of “require” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

TnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

wod

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

woh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

word-mad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

wordwod

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

wouh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

woþ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading #woþ#: T has wod and wordwod may mean word-mad; in that case the second half of the line is little more than repetition.

writesverbUS /raɪts/

third-person singular of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

youngeradjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading Now in Layamon the younger MS. writes woþ for _wouh_, _woh_ in the elder, 3327, 4333, where the sense requires the latter, and _word woh_, perverse of speech, would fit well here.

þ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But T has often _d_ for _þ_, and so his reading may be the same in effect as that of J, which does not put _þ_ for _d_.

Chapter 8 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2 by Joseph[Editor] Hall holds 553 sentences, grouped into 111 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2 contain?

Chapter 8 holds 553 sentences of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2, unabridged, divided into 111 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2 by Joseph[Editor] Hall exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 553 sentences, grouped into 111 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2?

Work through the 111 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 111 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

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Vocabulary met early in Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2

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Notes
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