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Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2
Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2

Chapter XXXIII

Chapter 33 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2 is here in full — 369 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/73 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.
For #w#, _u_ is written in sadue 524.
#r# is doubled in warre 456; metathesis occurs in ðrist 231, 428.
_n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.
#p# is doubled in steppes 5, inserted in sampnen 484.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2

Chapter XXXIII

Chapter 33 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2 is here in full — 369 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/73 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.
Line 2
For #w#, _u_ is written in sadue 524.
Line 3
#r# is doubled in warre 456; metathesis occurs in ðrist 231, 428.
Line 4
_n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.
Line 5
#p# is doubled in steppes 5, inserted in sampnen 484.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

char noun US /tʃɑːr/

a charred substance

From this reading “Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.”

consonants noun US /ˈkɑːnsənənts/

plural of “consonant” — a speech sound that is not a vowel

From this reading “Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.”

fen noun US /fen/

100 fen equal 1 yuan in China

From this reading “Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.”

inserted verb US /ˌɪnˈsɜːrtəd/

past form of “insert” — put or introduce into something

From this reading “#p# is doubled in steppes 5, inserted in sampnen 484.”

occurs verb US /əˈkɜːrz/

third-person singular of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading “#r# is doubled in warre 456; metathesis occurs in ðrist 231, 428.”

simplified verb US /ˈsɪmpləfaɪd/

inflected form of “simplify” — make simpler or easier or reduce in complexity or extent

From this reading “Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.”

steppes noun US /steps/

plural of “steppe” — extensive plain without trees (associated with eastern Russia and Siberia)

From this reading “#p# is doubled in steppes 5, inserted in sampnen 484.”

web noun US /web/

an intricate network suggesting something that was formed by weaving or interweaving

From this reading “Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

inserted in verb + particle counted as “insert in”

In this reading “#p# is doubled in steppes 5, inserted in sampnen 484.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

109

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

113

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

145

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

148

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

168

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

179

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

18

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

181

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

183

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

213

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

224

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

231

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading #r# is doubled in warre 456; metathesis occurs in ðrist 231, 428.

242

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

244

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

265

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

300

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

335

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

363

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

41

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

428

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading #r# is doubled in warre 456; metathesis occurs in ðrist 231, 428.

456

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading #r# is doubled in warre 456; metathesis occurs in ðrist 231, 428.

457

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

484

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading #p# is doubled in steppes 5, inserted in sampnen 484.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

519

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

524

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For #w#, _u_ is written in sadue 524.

525

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

585

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

586

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

624

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

630

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

645

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

647

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

8

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

82

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

boden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

boðen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

ccnounUS /ˌsiːˈsiː/

a metric unit of volume equal to one thousandth of a liter

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

charnounUS /tʃɑːr/

a charred substance

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

chare

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

coc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

consonantsnounUS /ˈkɑːnsənənts/

plural of “consonant” — a speech sound that is not a vowel

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

cune

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

cunen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

dar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

dennounUS /den/

the habitation of wild animals

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

doubledadjectiveUS /ˈdʌbəld/

twice as great or many

From this reading #r# is doubled in warre 456; metathesis occurs in ðrist 231, 428.

drigtinnes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

dure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

euelike

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

fecheð

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

fel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

fennounUS /fen/

100 fen equal 1 yuan in China

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

fer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

finaladjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For #w#, _u_ is written in sadue 524.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

fulnoun

a family of languages of the Fulani of West Africa and used as a lingua franca in the sub-Saharan regions from Senegal to Chad; the best known of the West African languages

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

Geminated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

hauen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

hil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For #w#, _u_ is written in sadue 524.

insertedverbUS /ˌɪnˈsɜːrtəd/

past form of “insert” — put or introduce into something

From this reading #p# is doubled in steppes 5, inserted in sampnen 484.

invariablyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈveriəbli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For #w#, _u_ is written in sadue 524.

mankin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

meche

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

mediallyadverb

in a medial position

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

metathesisnoun

a linguistic process of transposition of sounds or syllables within a word or words within a sentence

From this reading #r# is doubled in warre 456; metathesis occurs in ðrist 231, 428.

nnounUS /en/

a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

nn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

onounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

occursverbUS /əˈkɜːrz/

third-person singular of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading #r# is doubled in warre 456; metathesis occurs in ðrist 231, 428.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

omittedverbUS /oʊˈmɪtəd/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

pnounUS /piː/

a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms

From this reading #p# is doubled in steppes 5, inserted in sampnen 484.

pitnounUS /pɪt/

A large hole in the ground, or an abyss of darkness and peril.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

rnounUS /ɑːr/

a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

From this reading #r# is doubled in warre 456; metathesis occurs in ðrist 231, 428.

reche

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

rr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

sadue

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For #w#, _u_ is written in sadue 524.

sampnen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading #p# is doubled in steppes 5, inserted in sampnen 484.

simplifiedverbUS /ˈsɪmpləfaɪd/

inflected form of “simplify” — make simpler or easier or reduce in complexity or extent

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

sinnounUS /sɪn/

estrangement from god

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

siðen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

spel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

steppesnounUS /steps/

plural of “steppe” — extensive plain without trees (associated with eastern Russia and Siberia)

From this reading #p# is doubled in steppes 5, inserted in sampnen 484.

stoc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

unounUS /juː/

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading For #w#, _u_ is written in sadue 524.

vnneðes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _n_ is added in hauen 183, boðen 181, boden 525, doubled in drigtinnes 242, vnneðes 113, omitted in euelike 213, and frequent o for #on#.

wnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading For #w#, _u_ is written in sadue 524.

warre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading #r# is doubled in warre 456; metathesis occurs in ðrist 231, 428.

webnounUS /web/

an intricate network suggesting something that was formed by weaving or interweaving

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

winverbUS /wɪn/

be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

wiðerwine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading For #w#, _u_ is written in sadue 524.

ðrist

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading #r# is doubled in warre 456; metathesis occurs in ðrist 231, 428.

þþ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Geminated final consonants are invariably simplified as web 363, coc 300, stoc 224, fel 109, hil 18, spel 335, den 8, fen 630, mankin 168, sin(ful) 82, win 244, char 519, dar 647, fer 265, pit 624; often too medially as #rr#, chare 457, dure 145; #nn#, wiðerwine 645, cune 148, cunen 457; #þþ#, siðen 41 (5); #cc#, fecheð 179, reche 585, meche 586.

Chapter 33 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2 by Joseph[Editor] Hall holds 369 sentences, grouped into 74 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 33 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2 contain?

Chapter 33 holds 369 sentences of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2, unabridged, divided into 74 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 33 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2 by Joseph[Editor] Hall exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 369 sentences, grouped into 74 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 33 of Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2?

Work through the 74 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 74 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 33 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 33 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #43555, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Notes
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Volume
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Accompanying
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Selections
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