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Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love
Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love
Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.
First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.
Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.
This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.
Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.
Line 2
First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.
/fɜːrst keɪm ˈmaʊntəd ˈwɔːriərz huː pɔːzd æt ðə ˈmaʊntənz fʊt wʌn hæf tuː pɪtʃ ðer kæmp ənd ɡɑːrd ðə roʊd wɪtʃ swɔːrmz ʌv ˈwɜːrkmɪn delvd tuː smuːð waɪl ðə ˈʌðər hæf meɪd ʃɪft tuː swiːp ðə ˈkʌntri raʊnd əˈbaʊt tuː siːz ɑːn pɔɪnts ʌv ˈvæntədʒ ɔːr tuː biːt bæk ˈhɑːstəl bændz ʌv hɔːrs ənd fʊt ðæt sɔːt tuː ˈentər ðə ˈsɪti ənd eɪd ɪts streŋkθ/
Line 3
Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.
Line 4
This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.
/ðɪs ˈsekənd ˈɑːrmi wen ɪt riːtʃt ðə pleɪnz bɪˈɡæn ˈlaɪkwaɪz tuː dɪˈvaɪd ˈstretʃɪŋ əˈweɪ tuː iːst ənd west ɪn ðə ˈmænər ʌv tuː hjuːdʒ ˈkriːpɪŋ ɑːrmz ðæt ɡɜːrt ðə ˈsɪti ɪn ə kloʊs emˈbreɪs/
Line 5
Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

besieging noun US /bɪˈsiːdʒɪŋ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading “IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.”

chariots noun US /ˈtʃeriəts/

plural of “chariot” — a light four-wheel horse-drawn ceremonial carriage

From this reading “Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.”

delved verb US /delvd/

past form of “delve” — turn up, loosen, or remove earth

From this reading “First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.”

girt verb US /ɡɜːrt/

inflected form of “gird” — prepare oneself for a military confrontation

From this reading “This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.”

glitter noun US /ˈɡlɪtər/

the quality of shining with a bright reflected light

From this reading “Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.”

mountain's noun US /ˈmaʊntənz/

possessive form of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

swarms noun US /swɔːrmz/

plural of “swarm” — a moving crowd

From this reading “First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.”

vantage noun US /ˈvæntədʒ/

place or situation affording some advantage (especially a comprehensive view or commanding perspective)

From this reading “First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

six hundred noun + noun

In this reading “Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.”

descend into verb + particle

In this reading “IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.”

long lines adjective + noun counted as “long line”

In this reading “Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.”

enter the city verb + article + noun counted as “enter … city”

In this reading “First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.”

country round noun + noun

In this reading “First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.”

after day preposition + noun

In this reading “Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.”

stood at verb + particle

In this reading “Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.”

IN THE SHADOW preposition + article + noun counted as “in … shadow”

In this reading “IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

achedverbUS /eɪkt/

past form of “ache” — feel physical pain

From this reading Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

arraynounUS /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

Bactrians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.

bandsnounUS /bændz/

plural of “band” — an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

beatverbUS /biːt/

come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

besiegingnounUS /bɪˈsiːdʒɪŋ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

chariotsnounUS /ˈtʃeriəts/

plural of “chariot” — a light four-wheel horse-drawn ceremonial carriage

From this reading Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.

circlenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəl/

ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

creepingnounUS /ˈkriːpɪŋ/

a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

cubits

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.

DaynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.

delvedverbUS /delvd/

past form of “delve” — turn up, loosen, or remove earth

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

descendverbUS /dɪˈsend/

move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.

divideverbUS /dɪˈvaɪd/

separate into parts or portions

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

embraceverbUS /emˈbreɪs/

include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

enterverbUS /ˈentər/

to come or go into

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

footmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.

girtverbUS /ɡɜːrt/

inflected form of “gird” — prepare oneself for a military confrontation

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

glitternounUS /ˈɡlɪtər/

the quality of shining with a bright reflected light

From this reading Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.

hostileadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːstəl/

characterized by enmity or ill will

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

likewiseadverbUS /ˈlaɪkwaɪz/

in like or similar manner

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

mountain'snounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

possessive form of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

pausedverbUS /pɔːzd/

past form of “pause” — interrupt temporarily an activity before continuing

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

pitchnounUS /pɪtʃ/

the property of sound that varies with variation in the frequency of vibration

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

seizeverbUS /siːz/

take hold of; grab

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

SHADOWnounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.

shiftverbUS /ʃɪft/

make a shift in or exchange of

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.

smoothadjectiveUS /smuːð/

having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

stretchingnounUS /ˈstretʃɪŋ/

act of expanding by lengthening or widening

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

swarmsnounUS /swɔːrmz/

plural of “swarm” — a moving crowd

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

sweepverbUS /swiːp/

sweep across or over

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

vantagenounUS /ˈvæntədʒ/

place or situation affording some advantage (especially a comprehensive view or commanding perspective)

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.

war-cars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

watchedverbUS /wɑːtʃt/

past form of “watch” — look attentively

From this reading IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Day after day went by, till the war-cars stood at rest in a circle six hundred cubits distant from the walls; then came the footmen.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading This second army, when it reached the plains, began likewise to divide, stretching away to east and west in the manner of two huge, creeping arms that girt the city in a close embrace.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Then followed long lines of chariots, till the eyes of the Bactrians ached with the glitter of the proud array.

workmennounUS /ˈwɜːrkmɪn/

plural of “workman” — an employee who performs manual or industrial labor

From this reading First came mounted warriors who paused at the mountain’s foot, one half to pitch their camp and guard the road which swarms of workmen delved to smooth, while the other half made shift to sweep the country round about, to seize on points of vantage or to beat back hostile bands of horse and foot that sought to enter the city and aid its strength.

ZARIASPA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IN THE SHADOW OF ZARIASPA From the walls of Zariaspa the Bactrians watched a besieging host descend into the plains.

Chapter 18 of Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love by Edward Peple holds 170 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love contain?

Chapter 18 holds 170 sentences of Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love by Edward Peple exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 170 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love

Common questions about reading Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love by Edward Peple on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love?

Yes. All 3629 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42822 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42822, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love take to read?

About 302 minutes of reading across 726 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love section by section

How to work through Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love

Words and structures a reader meets early in Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Battle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Existing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Assyria
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Semiramis: A Tale of Battle and of Love; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.