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Sevastopol
Sevastopol

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Sevastopol is here in full — 446 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Sevastopol
Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Well, and are you not ashamed to have surrendered the trenches?
This is horrible!” said Galtsin, angered by such indifference.
What, when he was there in force?” growled the soldier.
And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?
If we had been in force, we would only have surrendered with our lives.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sevastopol

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Sevastopol is here in full — 446 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Well, and are you not ashamed to have surrendered the trenches?
/wel ənd ɑːr juː nɑːt əˈʃeɪmd tuː hæv sərˈendərd ðə ˈtrentʃɪz/
Line 2
This is horrible!” said Galtsin, angered by such indifference.
Line 3
What, when he was there in force?” growled the soldier.
/wʌt wen hiː wɑːz ðer ɪn fɔːrs ɡraʊld ðə ˈsoʊldʒər/
Line 4
And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?
Line 5
If we had been in force, we would only have surrendered with our lives.
/ɪf wiː hæd bɪn ɪn fɔːrs wiː wʊd ˈoʊnli hæv sərˈendərd wɪð ˈaʊər lɪvz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

angered adjective US /ˈæŋɡərd/

marked by extreme anger

From this reading “This is horrible!” said Galtsin, angered by such indifference.”

growled verb US /ɡraʊld/

past form of “growl” — to utter or emit low dull rumbling sounds

From this reading ““What, when he was there in force?” growled the soldier.”

horrible adjective US /ˈhɔːrəbəl/

provoking horror

From this reading “This is horrible!” said Galtsin, angered by such indifference.”

indifference noun US /ˌɪnˈdɪfərəns/

unbiased impartial unconcern

From this reading “This is horrible!” said Galtsin, angered by such indifference.”

stretcher noun US /ˈstretʃər/

a wooden framework on which canvas is stretched and fixed for oil painting

From this reading ““And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?”

surrendered verb US /sərˈendərd/

past form of “surrender” — give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another

From this reading ““Well, and are you not ashamed to have surrendered the trenches?”

surrendering verb US /sərˈendərɪŋ/

-ing form of “surrender” — give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another

From this reading ““And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?”

trenches noun US /ˈtrentʃɪz/

plural of “trench” — a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading ““Well, and are you not ashamed to have surrendered the trenches?”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

on a stretcher preposition + article + noun counted as “on … stretcher”

In this reading ““And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?”

nearly all adverb + adjective

In this reading ““And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?”

come up verb + adjective

bring forth, usually something desirable

In this reading ““And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “Well, and are you not ashamed to have surrendered the trenches?

angeredadjectiveUS /ˈæŋɡərd/

marked by extreme anger

From this reading This is horrible!” said Galtsin, angered by such indifference.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “Well, and are you not ashamed to have surrendered the trenches?

ashamedadjectiveUS /əˈʃeɪmd/

feeling shame or guilt or embarrassment or remorse

From this reading “Well, and are you not ashamed to have surrendered the trenches?

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This is horrible!” said Galtsin, angered by such indifference.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading “What, when he was there in force?” growled the soldier.

Galtsin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This is horrible!” said Galtsin, angered by such indifference.

growledverbUS /ɡraʊld/

past form of “growl” — to utter or emit low dull rumbling sounds

From this reading “What, when he was there in force?” growled the soldier.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Well, and are you not ashamed to have surrendered the trenches?

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “What, when he was there in force?” growled the soldier.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

HonornounUS /ˈɑːnər/

a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

horribleadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːrəbəl/

provoking horror

From this reading This is horrible!” said Galtsin, angered by such indifference.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If we had been in force, we would only have surrendered with our lives.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “What, when he was there in force?” growled the soldier.

indifferencenounUS /ˌɪnˈdɪfərəns/

unbiased impartial unconcern

From this reading This is horrible!” said Galtsin, angered by such indifference.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is horrible!” said Galtsin, angered by such indifference.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading If we had been in force, we would only have surrendered with our lives.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading “Well, and are you not ashamed to have surrendered the trenches?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading If we had been in force, we would only have surrendered with our lives.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading If we had been in force, we would only have surrendered with our lives.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading This is horrible!” said Galtsin, angered by such indifference.

soldiernounUS /ˈsoʊldʒər/

an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading “What, when he was there in force?” growled the soldier.

stretchernounUS /ˈstretʃər/

a wooden framework on which canvas is stretched and fixed for oil painting

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading This is horrible!” said Galtsin, angered by such indifference.

surrenderedverbUS /sərˈendərd/

past form of “surrender” — give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another

From this reading “Well, and are you not ashamed to have surrendered the trenches?

surrenderingverbUS /sərˈendərɪŋ/

-ing form of “surrender” — give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “Well, and are you not ashamed to have surrendered the trenches?

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading “What, when he was there in force?” growled the soldier.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This is horrible!” said Galtsin, angered by such indifference.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “Well, and are you not ashamed to have surrendered the trenches?

trenchesnounUS /ˈtrentʃɪz/

plural of “trench” — a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading “Well, and are you not ashamed to have surrendered the trenches?

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “What, when he was there in force?” growled the soldier.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

WelladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading “Well, and are you not ashamed to have surrendered the trenches?

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading “What, when he was there in force?” growled the soldier.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading “What, when he was there in force?” growled the soldier.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If we had been in force, we would only have surrendered with our lives.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “Well, and are you not ashamed to have surrendered the trenches?

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “And, Your Honor,” said a soldier on a stretcher, who had just come up with them, “how could we help surrendering, when nearly all of us had been killed?

Chapter 2 of Sevastopol by Leo, graf Tolstoy holds 446 sentences, grouped into 90 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Sevastopol contain?

Chapter 2 holds 446 sentences of Sevastopol, unabridged, divided into 90 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Sevastopol by Leo, graf Tolstoy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 446 sentences, grouped into 90 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Sevastopol?

Work through the 90 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 90 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sevastopol

Common questions about reading Sevastopol by Leo, graf Tolstoy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sevastopol?

Yes. All 2294 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47197 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sevastopol is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47197, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sevastopol take to read?

About 191 minutes of reading across 459 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Sevastopol section by section

How to work through Sevastopol section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Sevastopol to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Sevastopol

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sevastopol, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Count
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sevastopol; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tolsto
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sevastopol; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Works
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sevastopol; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Authorized
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sevastopol; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.