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Seven Icelandic Short Stories
Seven Icelandic Short Stories

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Seven Icelandic Short Stories is here in full — 449 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Seven Icelandic Short Stories
Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.
When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.
Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.
Pretty good under foot, thought Arni.
At least it was easy to go between the sheepcotes and the house.
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Seven Icelandic Short Stories

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Seven Icelandic Short Stories is here in full — 449 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.
Line 2
When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.
/wen hiː lʊkt ʌp hiː dɪd nɑːt ˈstreɪtən aʊt bʌt bent hɪz nek bæk soʊ hɪz hed leɪ bɪˈtwiːn hɪz ˈʃoʊldər bleɪdz/
Line 3
Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.
Line 4
Pretty good under foot, thought Arni.
Line 5
At least it was easy to go between the sheepcotes and the house.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blades noun US /bleɪdz/

plural of “blade” — especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole

From this reading “When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.”

homeward adverb US /ˈhoʊmwərd/

toward home

From this reading “Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.”

pop verb US /pɑːp/

bulge outward

From this reading “Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.”

roots noun US /ruːts/

the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage

From this reading “Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.”

scarlet noun US /ˈskɑːrlət/

a variable color that is vivid red but sometimes with an orange tinge

From this reading “Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.”

stooped adjective US /stuːpt/

having the back and shoulders rounded; not erect

From this reading “Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.”

straighten verb US /ˈstreɪtən/

straighten up or out; make straight

From this reading “When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.”

striving noun US /ˈstraɪvɪŋ/

an effortful attempt to attain a goal

From this reading “Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

Arni

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pretty good under foot, thought Arni.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At least it was easy to go between the sheepcotes and the house.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

beardnounUS /bɪrd/

the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

BendingnounUS /ˈbendɪŋ/

movement that causes the formation of a curve

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

bladesnounUS /bleɪdz/

plural of “blade” — especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

cheek-bones

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading At least it was easy to go between the sheepcotes and the house.

empurpledadjective

excessively elaborate or showily expressed

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Pretty good under foot, thought Arni.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading At least it was easy to go between the sheepcotes and the house.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Pretty good under foot, thought Arni.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

homewardadverbUS /ˈhoʊmwərd/

toward home

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading At least it was easy to go between the sheepcotes and the house.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading At least it was easy to go between the sheepcotes and the house.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading At least it was easy to go between the sheepcotes and the house.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

necknounUS /nek/

the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

nosenounUS /noʊz/

the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

popverbUS /pɑːp/

bulge outward

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

PrettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading Pretty good under foot, thought Arni.

protruded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

red-rimmedadjective

rimmed with red

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

rootsnounUS /ruːts/

the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

scarletnounUS /ˈskɑːrlət/

a variable color that is vivid red but sometimes with an orange tinge

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

sheepcotes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At least it was easy to go between the sheepcotes and the house.

shoulderverbUS /ˈʃoʊldər/

lift onto one's shoulders

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

stoopedadjectiveUS /stuːpt/

having the back and shoulders rounded; not erect

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

straightenverbUS /ˈstreɪtən/

straighten up or out; make straight

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

strivingnounUS /ˈstraɪvɪŋ/

an effortful attempt to attain a goal

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading At least it was easy to go between the sheepcotes and the house.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Pretty good under foot, thought Arni.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

tottered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Pretty good under foot, thought Arni.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Then his red-rimmed eyes looked as if they were about to pop out of his head, his dark red beard rose up as though striving to free itself from its roots, and his empurpled nose and scarlet cheek-bones protruded.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When he looked up, he did not straighten out, but bent his neck back so his head lay between his shoulder blades.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Bending his steps homeward, he tottered along with his body half stooped, as was his habit, and his hands behind his back.

Chapter 4 of Seven Icelandic Short Stories by Ásgeir Pétursson [Editor] holds 449 sentences, grouped into 90 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Seven Icelandic Short Stories contain?

Chapter 4 holds 449 sentences of Seven Icelandic Short Stories, unabridged, divided into 90 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Seven Icelandic Short Stories by Ásgeir Pétursson [Editor] exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 449 sentences, grouped into 90 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Seven Icelandic Short Stories?

Work through the 90 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 90 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Seven Icelandic Short Stories

Common questions about reading Seven Icelandic Short Stories by Ásgeir Pétursson [Editor] on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Seven Icelandic Short Stories?

Yes. All 1823 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5603 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Seven Icelandic Short Stories is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5603, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Seven Icelandic Short Stories take to read?

About 151 minutes of reading across 365 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Seven Icelandic Short Stories section by section

How to work through Seven Icelandic Short Stories section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Seven Icelandic Short Stories to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Seven Icelandic Short Stories

Words and structures a reader meets early in Seven Icelandic Short Stories, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Seven
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seven Icelandic Short Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Icelandic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seven Icelandic Short Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Short
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seven Icelandic Short Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seven Icelandic Short Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.