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Seventeen Years in the Underworld
Seventeen Years in the Underworld

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of Seventeen Years in the Underworld is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.
The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.
It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.
It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.
In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Seventeen Years in the Underworld

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of Seventeen Years in the Underworld is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.
/ˈkɑːntrækt ˈleɪbər ðə ˈkwestʃən ʌv wʌt tuː duː wɪð ðə ˈprɪzənər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈpɪriəd ʌv hɪz kənˈfaɪnmənt hæz ˈɔːlweɪz bɪn ə ˈdɪfəkəlt wʌn/
Line 2
The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.
/ðə ˈsɪstəm ʌv ˈliːsɪŋ ðə ˈleɪbər ʌv ðə ˈprɪzənər tuː ðə ˈhaɪəst ˈbɪdər ʌp tuː ə fjuː jɪrz əˈɡoʊ wɑːz ˈkɑːmən ɪn ðə ˈdɪfərənt steɪts/
Line 3
It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.
/ɪt wɑːz æn ˈiːzi səˈluːʃən tuː æn ˈɪntrəkət ˈprɑːbləm ənd ðə steɪt ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈoʊnli æt ðə ˈprezənt ɡeɪv ɪts əˈsent tuː ðə ˈmeθəd/
Line 4
It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.
/ɪt ɪz ə ˈsɪstəm ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli ˈsleɪvɪʃ ɪn ɪts ˈwɜːrkɪŋz diˈhjuːmənaɪzɪŋ tuː ðə men ˈwɜːrkɪŋ ˈʌndər ɪt ənd ðə sɔːrs ʌv moʊst ʌv ðə bruːˈtæləti faʊnd ɪn ˈpiːnəl ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənz/
Line 5
In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bidder noun US /ˈbɪdər/

someone who makes an offer

From this reading “The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.”

brutality noun US /bruːˈtæləti/

the trait of extreme cruelty

From this reading “It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.”

contractor noun US /ˈkɑːntræktər/

someone (a person or firm) who contracts to build things

From this reading “In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.”

dehumanizing verb US /diˈhjuːmənaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “dehumanize” — deprive of human qualities

From this reading “It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.”

leasing verb US /ˈliːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “lease” — let for money

From this reading “The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.”

penal adjective US /ˈpiːnəl/

of or relating to punishment

From this reading “It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.”

slavish adjective US /ˈsleɪvɪʃ/

blindly imitative

From this reading “It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.”

workings noun US /ˈwɜːrkɪŋz/

the internal mechanism of a device

From this reading “It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

large sum adjective + noun

In this reading “In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.”

during the period preposition + article + noun counted as “during … period”

In this reading “CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.”

few years adjective + noun

In this reading “The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.”

per day preposition + noun

In this reading “In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

assentnounUS /əˈsent/

agreement with a statement or proposal to do something

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

biddernounUS /ˈbɪdər/

someone who makes an offer

From this reading The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.

brutalitynounUS /bruːˈtæləti/

the trait of extreme cruelty

From this reading It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.

centsnounUS /sents/

plural of “cent” — a fractional monetary unit of several countries

From this reading In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.

confinementnounUS /kənˈfaɪnmənt/

concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

CONTRACTverbUS /ˈkɑːntrækt/

enter into a contractual arrangement

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

contractornounUS /ˈkɑːntræktər/

someone (a person or firm) who contracts to build things

From this reading In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.

dehumanizingverbUS /diˈhjuːmənaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “dehumanize” — deprive of human qualities

From this reading It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.

fifty-fiveadjective

being five more than fifty

From this reading In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.

institutionsnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənz/

plural of “institution” — an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.

intricateadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəkət/

having many complexly arranged elements; elaborate

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

LABORnounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.

leasingverbUS /ˈliːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “lease” — let for money

From this reading The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.

methodnounUS /ˈmeθəd/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.

penaladjectiveUS /ˈpiːnəl/

of or relating to punishment

From this reading It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.

perprepositionUS /pɜːr/

for each

From this reading In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.

prisonernounUS /ˈprɪzənər/

a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

problemnounUS /ˈprɑːbləm/

a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

slavishadjectiveUS /ˈsleɪvɪʃ/

blindly imitative

From this reading It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.

solutionnounUS /səˈluːʃən/

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently (but not necessarily) a liquid solution

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading It was an easy solution to an intricate problem, and the State, looking only at the present, gave its assent to the method.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.

sumnounUS /sʌm/

a quantity of money

From this reading In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In the prison where I was, the contractor paid the large sum of fifty-five cents for the labor of each man per day.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading CONTRACT LABOR The question of what to do with the prisoner during the period of his confinement has always been a difficult one.

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.

workingsnounUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋz/

the internal mechanism of a device

From this reading It is a system particularly slavish in its workings, dehumanizing to the men working under it, and the source of most of the brutality found in penal institutions.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The system of leasing the labor of the prisoner to the highest bidder, up to a few years ago, was common in the different States.

Chapter 19 of Seventeen Years in the Underworld by Wellington Scott holds 95 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of Seventeen Years in the Underworld contain?

Chapter 19 holds 95 sentences of Seventeen Years in the Underworld, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of Seventeen Years in the Underworld by Wellington Scott exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 95 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of Seventeen Years in the Underworld?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Seventeen Years in the Underworld

Common questions about reading Seventeen Years in the Underworld by Wellington Scott on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Seventeen Years in the Underworld?

Yes. All 1101 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56443 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #56443, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 91 minutes of reading across 221 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Seventeen Years in the Underworld

Words and structures a reader meets early in Seventeen Years in the Underworld, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sitting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventeen Years in the Underworld; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Large
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventeen Years in the Underworld; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eastern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventeen Years in the Underworld; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Beautiful
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventeen Years in the Underworld; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.