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Seventy Years on the Frontier
Seventy Years on the Frontier

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Seventy Years on the Frontier is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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OUR WAR WITH MEXICO.
On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.
In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.
The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.
However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Seventy Years on the Frontier

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Seventy Years on the Frontier is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OUR WAR WITH MEXICO.
/ˈaʊər wɔːr wɪð ˈmeksəkoʊ/
Line 2
On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.
Line 3
In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.
Line 4
The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.
/ðə ˈpæsədʒ baɪ ðə əˈmerəkən ˈkɑːŋɡrəs ʌv ðə ˌrezəˈluːʃənz ʌv ˌænekˈseɪʃən baɪ wɪtʃ ðə riˈpʌblək ʌv ˈteksəs wɑːz ˌɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪtɪd ˈɪntuː ðə ˈjuːnjən æz wʌn ʌv ðə steɪts ˈhævɪŋ mɜːrdʒd hɜːr ˈsɑːvrənti ˈɪntuː ðæt ʌv ˈaʊər oʊn ˈɡʌvərmənt wɑːz ðə praɪm kɑːz wɪtʃ led tuː ðə wɔːr wɪð ˈmeksəkoʊ/
Line 5
However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

annexation noun US /ˌænekˈseɪʃən/

incorporation by joining or uniting

From this reading “The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.”

candidate noun US /ˈkændədeɪt/

a politician who is running for public office

From this reading “In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.”

disputed adjective US /dɪsˈpjuːtəd/

subject to disagreement and debate

From this reading “However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.”

incorporated adjective US /ˌɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪtɪd/

formed or united into a whole

From this reading “The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.”

merged adjective US /mɜːrdʒd/

formed or united into a whole

From this reading “The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.”

resolutions noun US /ˌrezəˈluːʃənz/

plural of “resolution” — a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote

From this reading “The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.”

Rio noun US /ˈriːoʊ/

the former capital and 2nd largest city of Brazil; chief Brazilian port; famous as a tourist attraction

From this reading “However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.”

sovereignty noun US /ˈsɑːvrənti/

government free from external control

From this reading “The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

seventy years adjective + noun

In this reading “In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.”

seven years noun + noun

In this reading “In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.”

immediate cause adjective + noun

In this reading “However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.”

strip of verb + particle

In this reading “However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.”

for seven preposition + noun

In this reading “In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1837

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

1846

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

18th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

29

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

annexationnounUS /ˌænekˈseɪʃən/

incorporation by joining or uniting

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

candidatenounUS /ˈkændədeɪt/

a politician who is running for public office

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

colonelnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

CongressnounUS /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

CountynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

declaredadjectiveUS /dɪˈklerd/

made known or openly avowed

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

disputedadjectiveUS /dɪsˈpjuːtəd/

subject to disagreement and debate

From this reading However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

Doniphan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

electedadjectiveUS /ɪˈlektəd/

subject to popular election

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

expectverbUS /ɪkˈspekt/

regard something as probable or likely

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

Grande

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

HoweveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

immediateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːət/

of the present time and place

From this reading However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

incorporatedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪtɪd/

formed or united into a whole

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

IndependencenounUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/

freedom from control or influence of another or others

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

JacksonnounUS /ˈdʒæksən/

English film actress who later became a member of British Parliament (born in 1936)

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

mergedadjectiveUS /mɜːrdʒd/

formed or united into a whole

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

MexicannounUS /ˈmeksəkən/

a native or inhabitant of Mexico

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

MEXICOnounUS /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading OUR WAR WITH MEXICO.

MonounUS /moʊ/

an indefinitely short time

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

Nueces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

occupationnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

OURdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading OUR WAR WITH MEXICO.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

primeadjectiveUS /praɪm/

first in rank or degree

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

republicnounUS /riˈpʌblək/

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

resolutionsnounUS /ˌrezəˈluːʃənz/

plural of “resolution” — a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

RionounUS /ˈriːoʊ/

the former capital and 2nd largest city of Brazil; chief Brazilian port; famous as a tourist attraction

From this reading However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

seventyadjectiveUS /ˈsevənti/

being ten more than sixty

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

sovereigntynounUS /ˈsɑːvrənti/

government free from external control

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

stripverbUS /strɪp/

take away possessions from someone

From this reading However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

territorynounUS /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

TexasnounUS /ˈteksəs/

the second largest state; located in southwestern United States on the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

tracedverbUS /treɪst/

past form of “trace” — follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something

From this reading However, the more immediate cause of the war may be traced to the occupation by the American army of the strip of disputed territory lying between the Nueces and the Rio Grande.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

WARnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading OUR WAR WITH MEXICO.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On the 18th of June, 1846, A. W. Doniphan was elected colonel of the regiment that he commanded in the Mexican War.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The passage by the American Congress of the resolutions of annexation, by which the republic of Texas was incorporated into the Union as one of the States, having merged her sovereignty into that of our own Government, was the prime cause which led to the war with Mexico.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading OUR WAR WITH MEXICO.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading In his speech at Independence, Jackson County, Mo., on July 29, 1837, he declared he had not been a candidate for office for seven years, and did not expect to be for the next seventy years to come.

Chapter 8 of Seventy Years on the Frontier by Alexander Majors holds 51 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Seventy Years on the Frontier contain?

Chapter 8 holds 51 sentences of Seventy Years on the Frontier, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Seventy Years on the Frontier by Alexander Majors exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 51 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Seventy Years on the Frontier?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Seventy Years on the Frontier

Common questions about reading Seventy Years on the Frontier by Alexander Majors on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Seventy Years on the Frontier?

Yes. All 3337 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42195 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Seventy Years on the Frontier is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42195, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Seventy Years on the Frontier take to read?

About 278 minutes of reading across 668 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Seventy Years on the Frontier section by section

How to work through Seventy Years on the Frontier section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

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Vocabulary met early in Seventy Years on the Frontier

Words and structures a reader meets early in Seventy Years on the Frontier, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Reminiscences
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventy Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Youth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventy Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventy Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Benjamin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventy Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.