Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Seventy Years on the Frontier
Seventy Years on the Frontier

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of Seventy Years on the Frontier is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Seventy Years on the Frontier
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BATTLE OF THE BUFFALOES.
It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.
The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.
Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.
Ahead of us appeared, high up on the bluffs, a clump of trees and bushes.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Seventy Years on the Frontier

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of Seventy Years on the Frontier is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BATTLE OF THE BUFFALOES.
Line 2
It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.
Line 3
The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.
/ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋ broʊk wɪð ə ˈdrɪzəlɪŋ reɪn aʊt ʌv ə naɪt ðæt hæd bɪn ˌtemˈpestʃuːəs wɪð ə fɪrs ɡeɪl ˈhevi ˈθʌndər ənd əˈnjuːʒuːəli tərˈɪfɪk ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/
Line 4
Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.
/ˈɡrædʒuːəli ðə reɪn stɑːpt ənd wiː hæd ɡɔːn bʌt ə ʃɔːrt ˈdɪstəns wen ðə klaʊdz broʊk əˈweɪ ðə sʌn ʃoʊn fɔːrθ ənd ðə ɜːrθ əˈpɪrd ˈɡlɪsənɪŋ wɪð ə nuː ˈbjuːti/
Line 5
Ahead of us appeared, high up on the bluffs, a clump of trees and bushes.
/əˈhed ʌv ʌs əˈpɪrd haɪ ʌp ɑːn ðə blʌfs ə klʌmp ʌv triːz ənd ˈbʊʃəz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bluffs noun US /blʌfs/

plural of “bluff” — a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion)

From this reading “Ahead of us appeared, high up on the bluffs, a clump of trees and bushes.”

clump noun US /klʌmp/

a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading “Ahead of us appeared, high up on the bluffs, a clump of trees and bushes.”

drifting noun US /ˈdrɪftɪŋ/

aimless wandering from place to place

From this reading “It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.”

drizzling adjective US /ˈdrɪzəlɪŋ/

(of rain) falling lightly in very small drops

From this reading “The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.”

glistening adjective US /ˈɡlɪsənɪŋ/

reflecting light

From this reading “Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.”

Missouri noun US /məˈzʊri/

a midwestern state in central United States; a border state during the American Civil War, Missouri was admitted to the Confederacy without actually seceding from the Union

From this reading “It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.”

tempestuous adjective US /ˌtemˈpestʃuːəs/

characterized by violent emotions or behavior

From this reading “The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.”

unusually adverb US /əˈnjuːʒuːəli/

to a remarkable degree or extent

From this reading “The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

short distance adjective + noun

In this reading “Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.”

shone forth verb + particle counted as “shine forth”

In this reading “Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.”

early summer adjective + noun

In this reading “It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1859

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

AheadadverbUS /əˈhed/

at or in the front

From this reading Ahead of us appeared, high up on the bluffs, a clump of trees and bushes.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

BATTLEnounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading THE BATTLE OF THE BUFFALOES.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

bluffsnounUS /blʌfs/

plural of “bluff” — a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion)

From this reading Ahead of us appeared, high up on the bluffs, a clump of trees and bushes.

boatnounUS /boʊt/

a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

BUFFALOES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BATTLE OF THE BUFFALOES.

bushesnounUS /ˈbʊʃəz/

plural of “bush” — a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading Ahead of us appeared, high up on the bluffs, a clump of trees and bushes.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

clumpnounUS /klʌmp/

a grouping of a number of similar things

From this reading Ahead of us appeared, high up on the bluffs, a clump of trees and bushes.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

driftingnounUS /ˈdrɪftɪŋ/

aimless wandering from place to place

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

drizzlingadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪzəlɪŋ/

(of rain) falling lightly in very small drops

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

galenounUS /ɡeɪl/

a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

glisteningadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɪsənɪŋ/

reflecting light

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

GraduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Ahead of us appeared, high up on the bluffs, a clump of trees and bushes.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

lightningnounUS /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/

abrupt electric discharge from cloud to cloud or from cloud to earth accompanied by the emission of light

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

MissourinounUS /məˈzʊri/

a midwestern state in central United States; a border state during the American Civil War, Missouri was admitted to the Confederacy without actually seceding from the Union

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE BATTLE OF THE BUFFALOES.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Ahead of us appeared, high up on the bluffs, a clump of trees and bushes.

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

shoneverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “shine” — be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Gradually the rain stopped, and we had gone but a short distance when the clouds broke away, the sun shone forth, and the earth appeared glistening with a new beauty.

tempestuousadjectiveUS /ˌtemˈpestʃuːəs/

characterized by violent emotions or behavior

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

terrificadjectiveUS /tərˈɪfɪk/

very great or intense

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BATTLE OF THE BUFFALOES.

thunderverbUS /ˈθʌndər/

move fast, noisily, and heavily

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Ahead of us appeared, high up on the bluffs, a clump of trees and bushes.

unusuallyadverbUS /əˈnjuːʒuːəli/

to a remarkable degree or extent

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Ahead of us appeared, high up on the bluffs, a clump of trees and bushes.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Ahead of us appeared, high up on the bluffs, a clump of trees and bushes.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was the afternoon of a day in early summer, along in 1859, when we found ourselves drifting in a boat down the Missouri.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The morning broke with a drizzling rain, out of a night that had been tempestuous, with a fierce gale, heavy thunder, and unusually terrific lightning.

Chapter 22 of Seventy Years on the Frontier by Alexander Majors holds 114 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of Seventy Years on the Frontier contain?

Chapter 22 holds 114 sentences of Seventy Years on the Frontier, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of Seventy Years on the Frontier by Alexander Majors exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 114 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of Seventy Years on the Frontier?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Seventy Years on the Frontier

Common questions about reading Seventy Years on the Frontier by Alexander Majors on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Seventy Years on the Frontier?

Yes. All 3337 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42195 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Seventy Years on the Frontier is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42195, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Seventy Years on the Frontier take to read?

About 278 minutes of reading across 668 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Seventy Years on the Frontier section by section

How to work through Seventy Years on the Frontier section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of Seventy Years on the Frontier to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Seventy Years on the Frontier

Words and structures a reader meets early in Seventy Years on the Frontier, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Reminiscences
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventy Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Youth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventy Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventy Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Benjamin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventy Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.