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Seventy Years on the Frontier
Seventy Years on the Frontier

Chapter XXIX

Chapter 29 of Seventy Years on the Frontier is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE PLATTE VALLEY.
From the dawn of history to the present time, civilization has followed the valleys.
From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.
In our own country this fact has been especially illustrated.
The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Seventy Years on the Frontier

Chapter XXIX

Chapter 29 of Seventy Years on the Frontier is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE PLATTE VALLEY.
/ðə plæt ˈvæli/
Line 2
From the dawn of history to the present time, civilization has followed the valleys.
/frʌm ðə dɔːn ʌv ˈhɪstəri tuː ðə ˈprezənt taɪm ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən hæz ˈfɑːloʊd ðə ˈvæliz/
Line 3
From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.
/frʌm ðə ˈɡɑːrdən ʌv ˈiːdən wɪtʃ wɑːz ɪn ðə ˈvæli ʌv ðə juːˈfreɪtiz tuː ˈmɑːdərn taɪmz ðə ˈwɔːtər ˈkɔːrsəz hæv bɪn ðə ˈhaɪweɪz ʌv ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən ənd meɪd ðə ˈtaɪbər ənd ðə temz ðə raɪn ənd ðə roʊn ˈfeɪməs ɪn ðə ˈænəlz ʌv ðə wɜːrldz ˈprɑːɡres/
Line 4
In our own country this fact has been especially illustrated.
/ɪn ˈaʊər oʊn ˈkʌntri ðɪs fækt hæz bɪn əˈspeʃli ˈɪləstreɪtəd/
Line 5
The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

annals noun US /ˈænəlz/

reports of the work of a society or learned body etc

From this reading “From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.”

cavaliers noun US /ˌkævəˈlɪrz/

plural of “cavalier” — a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading “The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.”

Colorado noun US /ˌkɑːlərˈɑːdoʊ/

a state in west central United States in the Rocky Mountains

From this reading “The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.”

Euphrates noun US /juːˈfreɪtiz/

a river in southwestern Asia; flows into the Persian Gulf; was important in the development of several great civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia

From this reading “From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.”

highways noun US /ˈhaɪweɪz/

plural of “highway” — a major road for any form of motor transport

From this reading “From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.”

platte noun US /plæt/

a river in Nebraska that flows eastward to become a tributary of the Missouri River

From this reading “THE PLATTE VALLEY.”

Rhone noun US /roʊn/

a major French river; flows into the Mediterranean near Marseilles

From this reading “From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.”

Tiber noun US /ˈtaɪbər/

a river of central Italy; flows through Rome to the Tyrrhenian Sea

From this reading “From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

modern times adjective + noun

the circumstances and ideas of the present age

In this reading “From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.”

curious facts adjective + noun counted as “curious fact”

In this reading “The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.”

own country verb + noun

In this reading “In our own country this fact has been especially illustrated.”

in the annals preposition + article + noun counted as “in … annals”

In this reading “From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.”

great river adjective + noun

In this reading “The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.”

present time verb + noun

In this reading “From the dawn of history to the present time, civilization has followed the valleys.”

in the valley preposition + article + noun counted as “in … valley”

In this reading “From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adventurousadjectiveUS /ædˈventʃərəs/

willing to undertake or seeking out new and daring enterprises

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

annalsnounUS /ˈænəlz/

reports of the work of a society or learned body etc

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

cavaliersnounUS /ˌkævəˈlɪrz/

plural of “cavalier” — a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

centernounUS /ˈsɛn.tər/

The middle point or core of an area.

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading From the dawn of history to the present time, civilization has followed the valleys.

ColoradonounUS /ˌkɑːlərˈɑːdoʊ/

a state in west central United States in the Rocky Mountains

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

continentnounUS /ˈkɑːntənənt/

one of the large landmasses of the earth

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading In our own country this fact has been especially illustrated.

coursesnounUS /ˈkɔːrsəz/

plural of “course” — education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

Cristo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading From the dawn of history to the present time, civilization has followed the valleys.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

del

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

EdennounUS /ˈiːdən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading In our own country this fact has been especially illustrated.

EuphratesnounUS /juːˈfreɪtiz/

a river in southwestern Asia; flows into the Persian Gulf; was important in the development of several great civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading In our own country this fact has been especially illustrated.

factsnounUS /fækts/

plural of “fact” — a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading From the dawn of history to the present time, civilization has followed the valleys.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the dawn of history to the present time, civilization has followed the valleys.

GardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

Grande

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading From the dawn of history to the present time, civilization has followed the valleys.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

highwaysnounUS /ˈhaɪweɪz/

plural of “highway” — a major road for any form of motor transport

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading From the dawn of history to the present time, civilization has followed the valleys.

illustratedverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪtəd/

past form of “illustrate” — clarify by giving an example of

From this reading In our own country this fact has been especially illustrated.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

landedadjectiveUS /ˈlændəd/

owning or consisting of land or real estate

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

MountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

Norte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

northwardadverbUS /ˈnɔːrθwərd/

in a northern direction

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading From the dawn of history to the present time, civilization has followed the valleys.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading In our own country this fact has been especially illustrated.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading In our own country this fact has been especially illustrated.

pathwaynounUS /ˈpæθweɪ/

a bundle of myelinated nerve fibers following a path through the brain

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

penetratedverbUS /ˈpenətreɪtɪd/

past form of “penetrate” — pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

PilgrimsnounUS /ˈpɪlɡrəmz/

plural of “pilgrim” — someone who journeys in foreign lands

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

PLATTEnounUS /plæt/

a river in Nebraska that flows eastward to become a tributary of the Missouri River

From this reading THE PLATTE VALLEY.

PlymouthnounUS /ˈplɪməθ/

a town in Massachusetts founded by Pilgrims in 1620

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading From the dawn of history to the present time, civilization has followed the valleys.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

RhinenounUS /raɪn/

United States parapsychologist (1895-1980)

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

RhonenounUS /roʊn/

a major French river; flows into the Mediterranean near Marseilles

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

RionounUS /ˈriːoʊ/

the former capital and 2nd largest city of Brazil; chief Brazilian port; famous as a tourist attraction

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

RocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

Sangre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

sourcesnounUS /ˈsɔːrsəz/

plural of “source” — the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

SpaniardnounUS /ˈspænjərd/

a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

ThamesnounUS /temz/

the longest river in England; flows eastward through London to the North Sea

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The valley of the Rio Grande del Norte was the pathway of the Spaniard in his march to the northward, and it is one of the curious facts of history that, before the Pilgrims had landed on Plymouth Rock, the adventurous cavaliers of Spain had penetrated the center of the continent and discovered the sources of the great river in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE PLATTE VALLEY.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In our own country this fact has been especially illustrated.

TibernounUS /ˈtaɪbər/

a river of central Italy; flows through Rome to the Tyrrhenian Sea

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading From the dawn of history to the present time, civilization has followed the valleys.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From the dawn of history to the present time, civilization has followed the valleys.

VALLEYnounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading THE PLATTE VALLEY.

valleysnounUS /ˈvæliz/

plural of “valley” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading From the dawn of history to the present time, civilization has followed the valleys.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

world'snounUS /wɜːrldz/

possessive form of “world” — everything that exists anywhere

From this reading From the Garden of Eden which was in the valley of the Euphrates to modern times the water courses have been the highways of civilization, and made the Tiber and the Thames, the Rhine and the Rhone famous in the annals of the world's progress.

Chapter 29 of Seventy Years on the Frontier by Alexander Majors holds 56 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 29 of Seventy Years on the Frontier contain?

Chapter 29 holds 56 sentences of Seventy Years on the Frontier, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 29 of Seventy Years on the Frontier by Alexander Majors exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 56 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 29 of Seventy Years on the Frontier?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 29 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 29 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Seventy Years on the Frontier

Common questions about reading Seventy Years on the Frontier by Alexander Majors on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Seventy Years on the Frontier?

Yes. All 3337 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42195 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Seventy Years on the Frontier is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42195, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Seventy Years on the Frontier take to read?

About 278 minutes of reading across 668 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Seventy Years on the Frontier

Words and structures a reader meets early in Seventy Years on the Frontier, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Reminiscences
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventy Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Youth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventy Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventy Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Benjamin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Seventy Years on the Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.