Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Shackleton in the Antarctic
Shackleton in the Antarctic

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Shackleton in the Antarctic is here in full — 47 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Shackleton in the Antarctic
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.
Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.
While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.
At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.
Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shackleton in the Antarctic

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Shackleton in the Antarctic is here in full — 47 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.
Line 2
Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.
Line 3
While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.
Line 4
At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.
Line 5
Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

biscuit noun US /ˈbɪskət/

small round bread leavened with baking-powder or soda

From this reading “Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.”

blubber verb US /ˈblʌbər/

cry or whine with snuffling

From this reading “While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.”

broth noun US /brɔːθ/

liquid in which meat and vegetables are simmered; used as a basis for e.g. soups or sauces

From this reading “Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.”

calculating adjective US /ˈkælkjəleɪtɪŋ/

acting with a specific goal

From this reading “While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.”

engrossing adjective US /ɪnˈɡroʊsɪŋ/

capable of arousing and holding the attention

From this reading “ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.”

experimented verb US /ɪkˈsperəməntəd/

past form of “experiment” — to conduct a test or investigation

From this reading “At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.”

rations noun US /ˈræʃənz/

plural of “ration” — the food allowance for one day (especially for service personnel)

From this reading “ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.”

tins noun US /tɪnz/

plural of “tin” — a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide

From this reading “Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

winter quarters noun + noun

In this reading “At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.”

six weeks noun + noun counted as “six week”

In this reading “Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.”

for the remainder preposition + article + noun counted as “for … remainder”

In this reading “While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.”

ACROSS THE ICE preposition + article + noun counted as “across … ice”

In this reading “ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.”

on the coast preposition + article + noun counted as “on … coast”

In this reading “ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.”

All words in this reading · 112

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

100

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

ACROSSprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

BARRIERnounUS /ˈbæriər/

a structure or object that impedes free movement

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

biscuitnounUS /ˈbɪskət/

small round bread leavened with baking-powder or soda

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

blubberverbUS /ˈblʌbər/

cry or whine with snuffling

From this reading While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.

brothnounUS /brɔːθ/

liquid in which meat and vegetables are simmered; used as a basis for e.g. soups or sauces

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

busyadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzi/

actively or fully engaged or occupied

From this reading While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

calculatingadjectiveUS /ˈkælkjəleɪtɪŋ/

acting with a specific goal

From this reading While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

conductedverbUS /kənˈdʌktəd/

past form of “conduct” — direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.

convincedadjectiveUS /kənˈvɪnst/

persuaded of; very sure

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

cookingnounUS /ˈkʊkɪŋ/

the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat

From this reading While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

discussionnounUS /dɪˈskʌʃən/

an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

distancesnounUS /ˈdɪstənsəz/

plural of “distance” — the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.

Drygalski

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

effectiveadjectiveUS /ɪˈfektɪv/

producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

effortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

emptyverbUS /ˈempti/

make void or empty of contents

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

engrossingadjectiveUS /ɪnˈɡroʊsɪŋ/

capable of arousing and holding the attention

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

EventuallyadverbUS /ɪˈventʃəwəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

experimentedverbUS /ɪkˈsperəməntəd/

past form of “experiment” — to conduct a test or investigation

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

experimentsnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənts/

plural of “experiment” — the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

fuelverbUS /ˈfjuːəl/

provide with a combustible substance that provides energy

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

GlaciernounUS /ˈɡleɪʃər/

a slowly moving mass of ice

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

half-rations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.

ICEnounUS /aɪs/

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.

inlandadjectiveUS /ˈɪnlænd/

situated away from an area's coast or border

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

lampnounUS /læmp/

an artificial source of visible illumination

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

Mackay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

Mawson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

Mawson's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

PolenounUS /poʊl/

a long (usually round) rod of wood or metal or plastic

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

quartersnounUS /ˈkwɔːrtərz/

housing available for people to live in

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

rationsnounUS /ˈræʃənz/

plural of “ration” — the food allowance for one day (especially for service personnel)

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

reachingnounUS /ˈriːtʃɪŋ/

the act of physically reaching or thrusting out

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

reasonableadjectiveUS /ˈriːzənəbəl/

showing reason or sound judgment

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

remaindernounUS /rɪˈmeɪndər/

something left after other parts have been taken away

From this reading While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

seal-meat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.

securedverbUS /sɪˈkjʊrd/

past form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

seriouslyadverbUS /ˈsɪriəsli/

in a serious manner

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

sorrownounUS /ˈsɑːroʊ/

an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

stovenounUS /stoʊv/

a kitchen appliance used for cooking food

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.

tinsnounUS /tɪnz/

plural of “tin” — a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

travellingnounUS /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/

the act of going from one place to another

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

weeksnounUS /wiːks/

plural of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading Mawson was convinced that we must keep six weeks of full rations for our inland journey, and this meant that we must march on half-rations for about 100 miles.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Eventually, however, as a result of Mackay and Mawson's experiments, we secured an effective cooking stove, which was made out of one of our large empty biscuit tins, and a broth from seal-meat was made upon this stove.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While I was busy in calculating times and distances for the remainder of our journey, Mawson and Mackay conducted experiments upon the cooking of seal-meat with blubber.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading At winter quarters Mackay had experimented with blubber as a fuel, but his efforts had not been taken seriously, and, to our sorrow, his blubber lamp had been left behind.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading ACROSS THE ICE BARRIER How to reach the Pole was still our engrossing subject of discussion, and on November 1 we decided that our only hope of reaching it, was by travelling on half-rations from the point we had reached to the point on the coast at the Drygalski Glacier, where we might hope to be able to turn inland with reasonable prospect of success.

Chapter 31 of Shackleton in the Antarctic by Ernest Henry, Sir Shackleton holds 47 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Shackleton in the Antarctic contain?

Chapter 31 holds 47 sentences of Shackleton in the Antarctic, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Shackleton in the Antarctic by Ernest Henry, Sir Shackleton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 47 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Shackleton in the Antarctic?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shackleton in the Antarctic

Common questions about reading Shackleton in the Antarctic by Ernest Henry, Sir Shackleton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shackleton in the Antarctic?

Yes. All 1878 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #69138 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shackleton in the Antarctic is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #69138, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shackleton in the Antarctic take to read?

About 156 minutes of reading across 376 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shackleton in the Antarctic section by section

How to work through Shackleton in the Antarctic section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Shackleton in the Antarctic to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shackleton in the Antarctic

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shackleton in the Antarctic, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Ernest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shackleton in the Antarctic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shackleton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shackleton in the Antarctic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shackleton in the Antarctic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shackleton in the Antarctic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.