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Shadows and sunbeams
Shadows and sunbeams

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Shadows and sunbeams is here in full — 387 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Shadows and sunbeams
Context Illustration Reading 1/77 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacityas long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his moral excellence compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.
Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!
SPOILED LITTLE BOY.
Boo-hoo!—I’ve eaten som-much bee-eef and t-turkey, that I can’t eat any p-p-plum p-p-pudding!”
Miserable little Pitcher!
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Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shadows and sunbeams

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Shadows and sunbeams is here in full — 387 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/77 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacityas long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and hismoral excellencecompels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.
Line 2
Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!
Line 3
SPOILED LITTLE BOY.
/spɔɪld ˈlɪtəl bɔɪ/
Line 4
Boo-hoo!—I’ve eaten som-much bee-eef and t-turkey, that I can’t eat any p-p-plum p-p-pudding!”
Line 5
Miserable little Pitcher!
/ˈmɪzərəbəl ˈlɪtəl ˈpɪtʃər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

advantageous adjective US /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/

giving an advantage

clings noun US /klɪŋz/

plural of “cling” — fruit (especially peach) whose flesh adheres strongly to the pit

From this reading “To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.”

compels verb US /kəmˈpelz/

third-person singular of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading “To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.”

extricated verb US /ˈekstrəkeɪtɪd/

past form of “extricate” — release from entanglement of difficulty

From this reading “To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.”

Litany noun US /ˈlɪtəni/

any long and tedious address or recital

From this reading “Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!”

questionable adjective US /ˈkwestʃənəbəl/

subject to question

From this reading “Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!”

tenacity noun US /təˈnæsɪti/

persistent determination

From this reading “To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.”

unfashionable adjective US /ənˈfæʃənəbəl/

not in accord with or not following current fashion

From this reading “Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

keenly alive adverb + adjective

In this reading “Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!”

social position adjective + noun

In this reading “Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!”

perfectly safe adverb + adjective

In this reading “To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.”

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.”

most touching adverb + adjective

In this reading “To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.”

LITTLE BOY adjective + noun

In this reading “SPOILED LITTLE BOY.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

acquaintancenounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

advantageousadjectiveUS /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/

giving an advantage

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

advantagesnounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒɪz/

plural of “advantage” — the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

aliveadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪv/

possessing life

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading “Boo-hoo!—I’ve eaten so—m-much bee-eef and t-turkey, that I can’t eat any p-p-plum p-p-pudding!”

ApollonounUS /əˈpɑːloʊ/

(Greek mythology) Greek god of light; god of prophecy and poetry and music and healing; son of Zeus and Leto; twin brother of Artemis

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

assailedverbUS /əˈseɪld/

past form of “assail” — attack someone physically or emotionally

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

bee-eef

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Boo-hoo!—I’ve eaten so—m-much bee-eef and t-turkey, that I can’t eat any p-p-plum p-p-pudding!”

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

Boo-hoo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Boo-hoo!—I’ve eaten so—m-much bee-eef and t-turkey, that I can’t eat any p-p-plum p-p-pudding!”

BOYnounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading SPOILED LITTLE BOY.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

can't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Boo-hoo!—I’ve eaten so—m-much bee-eef and t-turkey, that I can’t eat any p-p-plum p-p-pudding!”

clingsnounUS /klɪŋz/

plural of “cling” — fruit (especially peach) whose flesh adheres strongly to the pit

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

compelsverbUS /kəmˈpelz/

third-person singular of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

deliververbUS /dɪˈlɪvər/

deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading “Boo-hoo!—I’ve eaten so—m-much bee-eef and t-turkey, that I can’t eat any p-p-plum p-p-pudding!”

eatenverbUS /ˈiːtən/

inflected form of “eat” — take in solid food

From this reading “Boo-hoo!—I’ve eaten so—m-much bee-eef and t-turkey, that I can’t eat any p-p-plum p-p-pudding!”

enjoyedverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪd/

past form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

excellencenounUS /ˈeksələns/

the quality of excelling; possessing good qualities in high degree

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

extricatedverbUS /ˈekstrəkeɪtɪd/

past form of “extricate” — release from entanglement of difficulty

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “Boo-hoo!—I’ve eaten so—m-much bee-eef and t-turkey, that I can’t eat any p-p-plum p-p-pudding!”

I've

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Boo-hoo!—I’ve eaten so—m-much bee-eef and t-turkey, that I can’t eat any p-p-plum p-p-pudding!”

ignoreverbUS /ˌɪɡˈnɔːr/

refuse to acknowledge

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

keenlyadverbUS /ˈkiːnli/

in a keen or penetrating way

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

LitanynounUS /ˈlɪtəni/

any long and tedious address or recital

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

LITTLEadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading SPOILED LITTLE BOY.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

m-much

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Boo-hoo!—I’ve eaten so—m-much bee-eef and t-turkey, that I can’t eat any p-p-plum p-p-pudding!”

MiserableadjectiveUS /ˈmɪzərəbəl/

very unhappy; full of misery

From this reading Miserable little Pitcher!

misfortunenounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃən/

unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

overtakeverbUS /ˈoʊvərteɪk/

catch up with and possibly overtake

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

p-p-plum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Boo-hoo!—I’ve eaten so—m-much bee-eef and t-turkey, that I can’t eat any p-p-plum p-p-pudding!”

p-p-pudding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Boo-hoo!—I’ve eaten so—m-much bee-eef and t-turkey, that I can’t eat any p-p-plum p-p-pudding!”

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

PitchernounUS /ˈpɪtʃər/

(baseball) the person who does the pitching

From this reading Miserable little Pitcher!

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

questionableadjectiveUS /ˈkwestʃənəbəl/

subject to question

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

readsnounUS /riːdz/

plural of “read” — something that is read

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

renewverbUS /rɪˈnuː/

reestablish on a new, usually improved, basis or make new or like new

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

safeadjectiveUS /seɪf/

free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

SPOILEDadjectiveUS /spɔɪld/

having the character or disposition harmed by pampering or oversolicitous attention

From this reading SPOILED LITTLE BOY.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

t-turkey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Boo-hoo!—I’ve eaten so—m-much bee-eef and t-turkey, that I can’t eat any p-p-plum p-p-pudding!”

tenacitynounUS /təˈnæsɪti/

persistent determination

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “Boo-hoo!—I’ve eaten so—m-much bee-eef and t-turkey, that I can’t eat any p-p-plum p-p-pudding!”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

touchingadjectiveUS /ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/

arousing affect

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

troublesnounUS /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

unfashionableadjectiveUS /ənˈfæʃənəbəl/

not in accord with or not following current fashion

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

unpresentableadjective

creating an unfavorable or neutral first impression

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

vulgaradjectiveUS /ˈvʌlɡər/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading Apollo is keenly alive to the advantages of social position (not having always enjoyed them); and so, his Litany reads after this wise: From all questionable, unfashionable, unpresentable, and vulgar persons, Good Lord deliver us!

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading To such friends he clings with the most touching tenacity—as long as he can use them; but let their good name be assailed, let misfortune once overtake them, and his “moral excellence” compels him, at once, to ignore their existence, until they have been extricated from all their troubles, and it has become perfectly safe and _advantageous_ for him to renew the acquaintance.

Chapter 10 of Shadows and sunbeams by Fanny Fern holds 387 sentences, grouped into 78 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Shadows and sunbeams contain?

Chapter 10 holds 387 sentences of Shadows and sunbeams, unabridged, divided into 78 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Shadows and sunbeams by Fanny Fern exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 387 sentences, grouped into 78 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Shadows and sunbeams?

Work through the 78 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 78 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shadows and sunbeams

Common questions about reading Shadows and sunbeams by Fanny Fern on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shadows and sunbeams?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shadows and sunbeams is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shadows and sunbeams take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Shadows and sunbeams section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shadows and sunbeams

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shadows and sunbeams, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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