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Shakespeare: A Lecture
Shakespeare: A Lecture

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Shakespeare: A Lecture is here in full — 668 sentences across 134 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Shakespeare: A Lecture
Context Illustration Reading 61/133 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
There are the wit, the humor, the pathos, the tragedy of situation, of relation.
The dramatist speaks and acts through others--his personality is lost.
The poet lives in the world of thought and feeling, and to this the dramatist adds the world of action.
He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.
He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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Shakespeare: A Lecture

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Shakespeare: A Lecture is here in full — 668 sentences across 134 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 61/133 · 5 reading units · Lines 301–305

Line 1
There are the wit, the humor, the pathos, the tragedy of situation, of relation.
/ðer ɑːr ðə wɪt ðə ˈhjuːmər ðə ˈpeɪθɑːs ðə ˈtrædʒədi ʌv ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən ʌv riˈleɪʃən/
Line 2
The dramatist speaks and acts through others--his personality is lost.
Line 3
The poet lives in the world of thought and feeling, and to this the dramatist adds the world of action.
/ðə ˈpoʊət lɪvz ɪn ðə wɜːrld ʌv θɔːt ənd ˈfiːlɪŋ ənd tuː ðɪs ðə ˈdrɑːmətɪst ædz ðə wɜːrld ʌv ˈækʃən/
Line 4
He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.
/hiː kriˈeɪts ˈkærəktərz ðæt siːm tuː ækt ɪn əˈkɔːrdəns wɪð ðer oʊn ˈneɪtʃərz ənd ˌɪndɪˈpendəntli ʌv hɪm/
Line 5
He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bribes noun US /braɪbz/

plural of “bribe” — payment made to a person in a position of trust to corrupt his judgment

From this reading “He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.”

compresses noun US /ˈkɑːmpresəz/

plural of “compress” — a cloth pad or dressing (with or without medication) applied firmly to some part of the body (to relieve discomfort or reduce fever)

From this reading “He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.”

corrupts verb US /kərˈʌpts/

third-person singular of “corrupt” — corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality

From this reading “He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.”

creates verb US /kriˈeɪts/

third-person singular of “create” — make or cause to be or to become

From this reading “He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.”

dramatist noun US /ˈdrɑːmətɪst/

someone who writes plays

From this reading “The dramatist speaks and acts through others--his personality is lost.”

independently adverb US /ˌɪndɪˈpendəntli/

on your own; without outside help

From this reading “He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.”

natures noun US /ˈneɪtʃərz/

plural of “nature” — the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading “He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.”

pleads verb US /pliːdz/

third-person singular of “plead” — appeal or request earnestly

From this reading “He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

in accordance preposition + noun

In this reading “He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.”

in the world preposition + article + noun counted as “in … world”

In this reading “The poet lives in the world of thought and feeling, and to this the dramatist adds the world of action.”

own natures verb + noun counted as “own nature”

In this reading “He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

accordancenounUS /əˈkɔːrdəns/

concurrence of opinion

From this reading He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading The poet lives in the world of thought and feeling, and to this the dramatist adds the world of action.

actsnounUS /ækts/

a New Testament book describing the development of the early church from Christ's Ascension to Paul's sojourn at Rome

From this reading The dramatist speaks and acts through others--his personality is lost.

addsnounUS /ædz/

plural of “add” — a condition (mostly in boys) characterized by behavioral and learning disorders

From this reading The poet lives in the world of thought and feeling, and to this the dramatist adds the world of action.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The dramatist speaks and acts through others--his personality is lost.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are the wit, the humor, the pathos, the tragedy of situation, of relation.

bribesnounUS /braɪbz/

plural of “bribe” — payment made to a person in a position of trust to corrupt his judgment

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.

compressesnounUS /ˈkɑːmpresəz/

plural of “compress” — a cloth pad or dressing (with or without medication) applied firmly to some part of the body (to relieve discomfort or reduce fever)

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

corruptsverbUS /kərˈʌpts/

third-person singular of “corrupt” — corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

createsverbUS /kriˈeɪts/

third-person singular of “create” — make or cause to be or to become

From this reading He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

dramatistnounUS /ˈdrɑːmətɪst/

someone who writes plays

From this reading The dramatist speaks and acts through others--his personality is lost.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading The poet lives in the world of thought and feeling, and to this the dramatist adds the world of action.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The dramatist speaks and acts through others--his personality is lost.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

humornounUS /ˈhjuːmər/

a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter

From this reading There are the wit, the humor, the pathos, the tragedy of situation, of relation.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The poet lives in the world of thought and feeling, and to this the dramatist adds the world of action.

independentlyadverbUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendəntli/

on your own; without outside help

From this reading He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The dramatist speaks and acts through others--his personality is lost.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The poet lives in the world of thought and feeling, and to this the dramatist adds the world of action.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading The dramatist speaks and acts through others--his personality is lost.

naturesnounUS /ˈneɪtʃərz/

plural of “nature” — the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There are the wit, the humor, the pathos, the tragedy of situation, of relation.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dramatist speaks and acts through others--his personality is lost.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.

passionnounUS /ˈpæʃən/

a strong feeling or emotion

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

pathosnounUS /ˈpeɪθɑːs/

a quality that arouses emotions (especially pity or sorrow)

From this reading There are the wit, the humor, the pathos, the tragedy of situation, of relation.

personalitynounUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈnælɪti/

the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual

From this reading The dramatist speaks and acts through others--his personality is lost.

pleadsverbUS /pliːdz/

third-person singular of “plead” — appeal or request earnestly

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading The poet lives in the world of thought and feeling, and to this the dramatist adds the world of action.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

relationnounUS /riˈleɪʃən/

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together

From this reading There are the wit, the humor, the pathos, the tragedy of situation, of relation.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

secretsnounUS /ˈsiːkrəts/

plural of “secret” — something that should remain hidden from others (especially information that is not to be passed on)

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading There are the wit, the humor, the pathos, the tragedy of situation, of relation.

speaksverbUS /spiːks/

third-person singular of “speak” — express in speech

From this reading The dramatist speaks and acts through others--his personality is lost.

springsnounUS /sprɪŋz/

plural of “spring” — the season of growth

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

tellsnounUS /telz/

plural of “tell” — a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There are the wit, the humor, the pathos, the tragedy of situation, of relation.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are the wit, the humor, the pathos, the tragedy of situation, of relation.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The poet lives in the world of thought and feeling, and to this the dramatist adds the world of action.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The poet lives in the world of thought and feeling, and to this the dramatist adds the world of action.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The dramatist speaks and acts through others--his personality is lost.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The poet lives in the world of thought and feeling, and to this the dramatist adds the world of action.

tragedynounUS /ˈtrædʒədi/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading There are the wit, the humor, the pathos, the tragedy of situation, of relation.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

weakadjectiveUS /wiːk/

wanting in physical strength

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading He compresses lives into hours, tells us the secrets of the heart, shows us the springs of action--how desire bribes the judgment and corrupts the will--how weak the reason is when passion pleads, and how grand it is to stand for right against the world.

witnounUS /wɪt/

a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter

From this reading There are the wit, the humor, the pathos, the tragedy of situation, of relation.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He creates characters that seem to act in accordance with their own natures and independently of him.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The poet lives in the world of thought and feeling, and to this the dramatist adds the world of action.

Chapter 1 of Shakespeare: A Lecture by Robert Green Ingersoll holds 668 sentences, grouped into 134 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Shakespeare: A Lecture contain?

Chapter 1 holds 668 sentences of Shakespeare: A Lecture, unabridged, divided into 134 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Shakespeare: A Lecture by Robert Green Ingersoll exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 668 sentences, grouped into 134 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Shakespeare: A Lecture?

Work through the 134 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 134 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shakespeare: A Lecture

Common questions about reading Shakespeare: A Lecture by Robert Green Ingersoll on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shakespeare: A Lecture?

Yes. All 668 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38105 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shakespeare: A Lecture is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38105, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shakespeare: A Lecture take to read?

About 55 minutes of reading across 134 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shakespeare: A Lecture section by section

How to work through Shakespeare: A Lecture section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Shakespeare: A Lecture to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shakespeare: A Lecture

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shakespeare: A Lecture, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Shakespeare
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shakespeare: A Lecture; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Intellectual
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shakespeare: A Lecture; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ocean
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shakespeare: A Lecture; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whose
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shakespeare: A Lecture; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.