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Shakespeare Study Programs
Shakespeare Study Programs

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Shakespeare Study Programs is here in full — 392 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Shakespeare Study Programs
Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?
V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.
Who are Sir Toby's butts?
Is Sir Toby attached to Sir Andrew, or does he only make use of him for profit as well as fun?
(See Sir Toby's reply to Fabian (III. iii.)).
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
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Shakespeare Study Programs

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Shakespeare Study Programs is here in full — 392 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?
Line 2
V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.
Line 3
Who are Sir Toby's butts?
/huː ɑːr sɜːr ˈtoʊbiz bʌts/
Line 4
Is Sir Toby attached to Sir Andrew, or does he only make use of him for profit as well as fun?
/ɪz sɜːr ˈtoʊbi əˈtætʃt tuː sɜːr ˈændruː ɔːr dʌz hiː ˈoʊnli meɪk juːs ʌv hɪm fɔːr ˈprɑːfət æz wel æz fʌn/
Line 5
(See Sir Toby's reply to Fabian (III. iii.)).

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

butts noun US /bʌts/

plural of “butt” — thick end of the handle

From this reading “V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.”

droll adjective US /droʊl/

comical in an odd or whimsical manner

From this reading “V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.”

dupes noun US /duːps/

plural of “dupe” — a person who is tricked or swindled

From this reading “V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.”

Fabian adjective US /ˈfeɪbiən/

of or relating to Fabianism

From this reading “(See Sir Toby's reply to Fabian (III. iii.)).”

query noun US /ˈkwiːri/

an instance of questioning

From this reading “QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?”

situations noun US /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “situation” — the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading “V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.”

Toby's noun US /ˈtoʊbiz/

possessive form of “toby” — a drinking mug in the shape of a stout man wearing a three-cornered hat

From this reading “Who are Sir Toby's butts?”

Viola noun US /vaɪˈoʊlə/

any of the numerous plants of the genus Viola

From this reading “QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

AndrewnounUS /ˈændruː/

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of Peter; patron saint of Scotland

From this reading Is Sir Toby attached to Sir Andrew, or does he only make use of him for profit as well as fun?

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Is Sir Toby attached to Sir Andrew, or does he only make use of him for profit as well as fun?

attachedadjectiveUS /əˈtætʃt/

being joined in close association

From this reading Is Sir Toby attached to Sir Andrew, or does he only make use of him for profit as well as fun?

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?

BUTTSnounUS /bʌts/

plural of “butt” — thick end of the handle

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

contrivedadjectiveUS /kənˈtraɪvd/

showing effects of planning or manipulation

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

DISCUSSIONnounUS /dɪˈskʌʃən/

an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Is Sir Toby attached to Sir Andrew, or does he only make use of him for profit as well as fun?

drolladjectiveUS /droʊl/

comical in an odd or whimsical manner

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?

DUPESnounUS /duːps/

plural of “dupe” — a person who is tricked or swindled

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

FabianadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪbiən/

of or relating to Fabianism

From this reading (See Sir Toby's reply to Fabian (III. iii.)).

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?

funnounUS /fʌn/

activities that are enjoyable or amusing

From this reading Is Sir Toby attached to Sir Andrew, or does he only make use of him for profit as well as fun?

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Is Sir Toby attached to Sir Andrew, or does he only make use of him for profit as well as fun?

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Is Sir Toby attached to Sir Andrew, or does he only make use of him for profit as well as fun?

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading (See Sir Toby's reply to Fabian (III. iii.)).

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?

laughing-stocks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

lovernounUS /ˈlʌvər/

a person who loves someone or is loved by someone

From this reading QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?

mainlyadverbUS /ˈmeɪnli/

for the most part

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

MARIAnounUS /mərˈiːə/

a dark region of considerable extent on the surface of the moon

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

Olivia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Is Sir Toby attached to Sir Andrew, or does he only make use of him for profit as well as fun?

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

profitnounUS /ˈprɑːfət/

the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

From this reading Is Sir Toby attached to Sir Andrew, or does he only make use of him for profit as well as fun?

QUERYnounUS /ˈkwiːri/

an instance of questioning

From this reading QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?

replynounUS /rɪˈplaɪ/

a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading (See Sir Toby's reply to Fabian (III. iii.)).

Sebastian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?

SeeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading (See Sir Toby's reply to Fabian (III. iii.)).

ShowverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

SIRnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

situationsnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “situation” — the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?

THEIRdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

TOBYnounUS /ˈtoʊbi/

a drinking mug in the shape of a stout man wearing a three-cornered hat

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

Toby'snounUS /ˈtoʊbiz/

possessive form of “toby” — a drinking mug in the shape of a stout man wearing a three-cornered hat

From this reading Who are Sir Toby's butts?

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Is Sir Toby attached to Sir Andrew, or does he only make use of him for profit as well as fun?

VnounUS /viː/

a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt

From this reading V SIR TOBY AND MARIA, AND THEIR BUTTS OR DUPES Show how the droll situations of the play are mainly contrived by some of the characters in order to make others their laughing-stocks.

ViolanounUS /vaɪˈoʊlə/

any of the numerous plants of the genus Viola

From this reading QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Is Sir Toby attached to Sir Andrew, or does he only make use of him for profit as well as fun?

WhichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading QUERY FOR DISCUSSION Which is the best lover, the Duke, Sebastian, Olivia, or Viola?

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Who are Sir Toby's butts?

Chapter 4 of Shakespeare Study Programs by Charlotte (Charlotte Endymion) Porter holds 392 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Shakespeare Study Programs contain?

Chapter 4 holds 392 sentences of Shakespeare Study Programs, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Shakespeare Study Programs by Charlotte (Charlotte Endymion) Porter exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 392 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Shakespeare Study Programs?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shakespeare Study Programs

Common questions about reading Shakespeare Study Programs by Charlotte (Charlotte Endymion) Porter on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shakespeare Study Programs?

Yes. All 1615 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14699 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shakespeare Study Programs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14699, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shakespeare Study Programs take to read?

About 134 minutes of reading across 323 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shakespeare Study Programs section by section

How to work through Shakespeare Study Programs section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Shakespeare Study Programs to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shakespeare Study Programs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shakespeare Study Programs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Authors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shakespeare Study Programs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tragedies
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shakespeare Study Programs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Editors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shakespeare Study Programs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pembroke
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shakespeare Study Programs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.