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Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background
Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.
But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?
Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.
Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”
In the first scene where he appears, when he and Octavius are discussing Antony’s absence, he is a mere cypher.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.
/ðə pəˈlɪtəkəl ˈliːdərz soʊ mʌtʃ fɔːr ðə ˈfriːdmən huːm ˈæntəni heɪlz æz hɪz ˈmæstər θraɪs ˈnoʊblər ðæn hɪmˈself/
Line 2
But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?
Line 3
Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.
Line 4
Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”
Line 5
In the first scene where he appears, when he and Octavius are discussing Antony’s absence, he is a mere cypher.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Antony noun US /ˈæntəni/

Roman general under Julius Caesar in the Gallic wars; repudiated his wife for the Egyptian queen Cleopatra; they were defeated by Octavian at Actium (83-30 BC)

From this reading “THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.”

betters noun US /ˈbetərz/

plural of “better” — something superior in quality or condition or effect

From this reading “But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?”

cypher noun US /ˈsaɪfər/

a mathematical element that when added to another number yields the same number

From this reading “In the first scene where he appears, when he and Octavius are discussing Antony’s absence, he is a mere cypher.”

errands noun US /ˈerəndz/

plural of “errand” — a short trip that is taken in the performance of a necessary task or mission

From this reading “Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.””

freedman noun US /ˈfriːdmən/

a person who has been freed from slavery

From this reading “THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.”

hails noun US /heɪlz/

plural of “hail” — precipitation of ice pellets when there are strong rising air currents

From this reading “THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.”

maintains verb US /meɪnˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “maintain” — cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading “Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.””

rivals noun US /ˈraɪvəlz/

plural of “rival” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading “But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

run through verb + particle

apply thoroughly; think through

In this reading “Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?

absencenounUS /ˈæbsəns/

the state of being absent

From this reading In the first scene where he appears, when he and Octavius are discussing Antony’s absence, he is a mere cypher.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?

AntonynounUS /ˈæntəni/

Roman general under Julius Caesar in the Gallic wars; repudiated his wife for the Egyptian queen Cleopatra; they were defeated by Octavian at Actium (83-30 BC)

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

Antony's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the first scene where he appears, when he and Octavius are discussing Antony’s absence, he is a mere cypher.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading In the first scene where he appears, when he and Octavius are discussing Antony’s absence, he is a mere cypher.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the first scene where he appears, when he and Octavius are discussing Antony’s absence, he is a mere cypher.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

associatesnounUS /əˈsoʊsiəts/

plural of “associate” — a person who joins with others in some activity or endeavor

From this reading But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

bettersnounUS /ˈbetərz/

plural of “better” — something superior in quality or condition or effect

From this reading But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?

CaesarnounUS /ˈsiːzər/

conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

callsnounUS /kɔːlz/

plural of “call” — a telephone connection

From this reading But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

cyphernounUS /ˈsaɪfər/

a mathematical element that when added to another number yields the same number

From this reading In the first scene where he appears, when he and Octavius are discussing Antony’s absence, he is a mere cypher.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

despiteprepositionUS /dɪˈspaɪt/

although something is true; in spite of

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

discussingverbUS /dɪˈskʌsɪŋ/

-ing form of “discuss” — to consider or examine in speech or writing

From this reading In the first scene where he appears, when he and Octavius are discussing Antony’s absence, he is a mere cypher.

EmpirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?

errandsnounUS /ˈerəndz/

plural of “errand” — a short trip that is taken in the performance of a necessary task or mission

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

fellowsnounUS /ˈfeloʊz/

plural of “fellow” — a boy or man

From this reading But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In the first scene where he appears, when he and Octavius are discussing Antony’s absence, he is a mere cypher.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

freedmannounUS /ˈfriːdmən/

a person who has been freed from slavery

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?

hailsnounUS /heɪlz/

plural of “hail” — precipitation of ice pellets when there are strong rising air currents

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

Julius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

LEADERSnounUS /ˈliːdərz/

the body of people who lead a group

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

Lepidus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

Letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

maintainsverbUS /meɪnˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “maintain” — cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

Menas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading In the first scene where he appears, when he and Octavius are discussing Antony’s absence, he is a mere cypher.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

nobleradjectiveUS /ˈnoʊblər/

comparative of “noble” — impressive in appearance

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

Octavius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the first scene where he appears, when he and Octavius are discussing Antony’s absence, he is a mere cypher.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

POLITICALadjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

rivalsnounUS /ˈraɪvəlz/

plural of “rival” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading In the first scene where he appears, when he and Octavius are discussing Antony’s absence, he is a mere cypher.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

seriesnounUS /ˈsɪriz/

similar things placed in order or happening one after another

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

slightnounUS /slaɪt/

a deliberate discourteous act (usually as an expression of anger or disapproval)

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

talkedverbUS /tɔːkt/

past form of “talk” — exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

thriceadverbUS /θraɪs/

three times

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

Triumvirnoun

one of a group of three sharing public administration or civil authority especially in ancient Rome

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

unmeritable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lepidus, the “slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands,” as he is described in _Julius Caesar_, maintains the same character here, and is hardly to be talked of “but as a property.”

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But what about his betters, the “great fellows” as Menas calls them, his rivals and associates in Empire?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In the first scene where he appears, when he and Octavius are discussing Antony’s absence, he is a mere cypher.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In the first scene where he appears, when he and Octavius are discussing Antony’s absence, he is a mere cypher.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE POLITICAL LEADERS So much for the freedman whom Antony hails as his master, thrice nobler than himself.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Let us run through the series of them; and despite his pride of place we cannot begin lower than with the third Triumvir.

Chapter 13 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background by Mungo William, Sir MacCallum holds 413 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background contain?

Chapter 13 holds 413 sentences of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background by Mungo William, Sir MacCallum exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 413 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background

Common questions about reading Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background by Mungo William, Sir MacCallum on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.