Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background
Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background is here in full — 448 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background
Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.
Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.
And the illusion is confirmed by the frequency with which we light on familiar words, familiar traits, familiar incidents.
For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.
In the language it is most marked.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background is here in full — 448 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.
Line 2
Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.
Line 3
And the illusion is confirmed by the frequency with which we light on familiar words, familiar traits, familiar incidents.
/ənd ðə ˌɪˈluːʒən ɪz kənˈfɜːrmd baɪ ðə ˈfriːkwənsi wɪð wɪtʃ wiː laɪt ɑːn fəˈmɪljər wɜːrdz fəˈmɪljər treɪts fəˈmɪljər ˈɪnsədənts/
Line 4
For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.
Line 5
In the language it is most marked.
/ɪn ðə ˈlæŋɡwədʒ ɪt ɪz moʊst mɑːrkt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cited verb US /ˈsaɪtəd/

past form of “cite” — make reference to

From this reading “For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.”

contrasts noun US /ˈkɑːntræsts/

plural of “contrast” — the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading “PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.”

frequency noun US /ˈfriːkwənsi/

the number of occurrences within a given time period

From this reading “And the illusion is confirmed by the frequency with which we light on familiar words, familiar traits, familiar incidents.”

modifications noun US /ˌmɑːdəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “modification” — the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)

From this reading “Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.”

parallels noun US /ˈperəlelz/

plural of “parallel” — something having the property of being analogous to something else

From this reading “PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.”

pervade verb US /pərˈveɪd/

spread or diffuse through

From this reading “For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.”

replica noun US /ˈreplɪkə/

copy that is not the original; something that has been copied

From this reading “PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.”

scenic adjective US /ˈsiːnɪk/

used of locations; having beautiful natural scenery

From this reading “PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

first impression adjective + noun

In this reading “PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.”

produced by verb + particle counted as “produce by”

In this reading “PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

249

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

absorbedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɔːrbd/

giving or marked by complete attention to

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

authoritynounUS /əˈθɔːrəti/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

biographynounUS /baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

characterisationnoun

a graphic or vivid verbal description

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

citedverbUS /ˈsaɪtəd/

past form of “cite” — make reference to

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

comparisonnounUS /kəmˈperəsən/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

confirmedadjectiveUS /kənˈfɜːrmd/

of persons; not subject to change

From this reading And the illusion is confirmed by the frequency with which we light on familiar words, familiar traits, familiar incidents.

CONTRASTSnounUS /ˈkɑːntræsts/

plural of “contrast” — the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

Deliusnoun

English composer of orchestral works (1862-1934)

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

distinguishverbUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

mark as different

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

excellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading And the illusion is confirmed by the frequency with which we light on familiar words, familiar traits, familiar incidents.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

frequencynounUS /ˈfriːkwənsi/

the number of occurrences within a given time period

From this reading And the illusion is confirmed by the frequency with which we light on familiar words, familiar traits, familiar incidents.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

illusionnounUS /ˌɪˈluːʒən/

an erroneous mental representation

From this reading And the illusion is confirmed by the frequency with which we light on familiar words, familiar traits, familiar incidents.

impressionnounUS /ˌɪmˈpreʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

incidentsnounUS /ˈɪnsədənts/

plural of “incident” — a single distinct event

From this reading And the illusion is confirmed by the frequency with which we light on familiar words, familiar traits, familiar incidents.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading And the illusion is confirmed by the frequency with which we light on familiar words, familiar traits, familiar incidents.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading In the language it is most marked.

modificationsnounUS /ˌmɑːdəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “modification” — the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

modifiedadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdəfaɪd/

changed in form or character

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading In the language it is most marked.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

notedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading And the illusion is confirmed by the frequency with which we light on familiar words, familiar traits, familiar incidents.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

PARALLELSnounUS /ˈperəlelz/

plural of “parallel” — something having the property of being analogous to something else

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

pervadeverbUS /pərˈveɪd/

spread or diffuse through

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

PLUTARCHnoun

Greek biographer who wrote Parallel Lives (46?-120 AD)

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

realiseverbUS /ˈriːəlaɪz/

earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

replicanounUS /ˈreplɪkə/

copy that is not the original; something that has been copied

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

scenicadjectiveUS /ˈsiːnɪk/

used of locations; having beautiful natural scenery

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

ShakespearenounUS /ˈʃeɪkspiːr/

English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

similaritynounUS /ˌsɪməˈlerəti/

the quality of being similar

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

suggestionsnounUS /səˈdʒestʃənz/

plural of “suggestion” — an idea that is suggested

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

suppliedverbUS /səˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “supply” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading For the similarity seems at first to pervade the language, the characterisation, and the action.[249] [249] A good many of the parallels and contrasts noted in this chapter are to be found in the excellent paper by Delius already cited.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

traitsnounUS /treɪts/

plural of “trait” — a distinguishing feature of your personal nature

From this reading And the illusion is confirmed by the frequency with which we light on familiar words, familiar traits, familiar incidents.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Shakespeare has indeed absorbed so many suggestions from the translation that it is difficult to realise how much he has modified them, or to avoid reading these modifications into his authority when we try to distinguish what he has received from what he has supplied.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading And the illusion is confirmed by the frequency with which we light on familiar words, familiar traits, familiar incidents.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS WITH PLUTARCH The first impression produced by a comparison of the biography and the play is that the latter is little more than a scenic replica of the former.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading And the illusion is confirmed by the frequency with which we light on familiar words, familiar traits, familiar incidents.

Chapter 18 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background by Mungo William, Sir MacCallum holds 448 sentences, grouped into 90 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background contain?

Chapter 18 holds 448 sentences of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background, unabridged, divided into 90 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background by Mungo William, Sir MacCallum exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 448 sentences, grouped into 90 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background?

Work through the 90 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 90 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background

Common questions about reading Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background by Mungo William, Sir MacCallum on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background section by section

How to work through Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.