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Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background
Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background is here in full — 1285 sentences across 257 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.
As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.
These drawbacks may be illustrated under three heads.
They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.
They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background is here in full — 1285 sentences across 257 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/257 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.
Line 2
As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.
Line 3
These drawbacks may be illustrated under three heads.
/ðiːz ˈdrɔːbæks meɪ biː ˈɪləstreɪtəd ˈʌndər θriː hedz/
Line 4
They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.
Line 5
They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

disasters noun US /dɪˈzæstərz/

plural of “disaster” — a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading “THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.”

drawbacks noun US /ˈdrɔːbæks/

plural of “drawback” — the quality of being a hindrance

From this reading “These drawbacks may be illustrated under three heads.”

egoism noun US /ˈiːɡoʊɪzəm/

(ethics) the theory that the pursuit of your own welfare in the basis of morality

From this reading “They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.”

groundwork noun US /ˈɡraʊndwɜːrk/

the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained

From this reading “THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.”

inherent adjective US /ɪnˈhɪrənt/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading “As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.”

primarily adverb US /praɪˈmerəli/

for the most part

From this reading “They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.”

triple verb US /ˈtrɪpəl/

increase threefold

From this reading “THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.”

uphold verb US /əpˈhoʊld/

keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading “THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

exist without verb + particle

In this reading “They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

aspectnounUS /ˈæspekt/

a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading These drawbacks may be illustrated under three heads.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

castenounUS /kæst/

social status or position conferred by a system based on class

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

CAUSESnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

combinationnounUS /ˌkɑːmbəˈneɪʃən/

a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

completelyadverbUS /kəmˈpliːtli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

CORIOLANUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

dangersnounUS /ˈdeɪndʒərz/

plural of “danger” — the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

defectsnounUS /ˈdiːfekts/

plural of “defect” — an imperfection in a bodily system

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

definedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfaɪnd/

clearly characterized or delimited

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

delimitedadjective

having the limits or boundaries established

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

DISASTERSnounUS /dɪˈzæstərz/

plural of “disaster” — a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

drawbacksnounUS /ˈdrɔːbæks/

plural of “drawback” — the quality of being a hindrance

From this reading These drawbacks may be illustrated under three heads.

dueadjectiveUS /duː/

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

egoismnounUS /ˈiːɡoʊɪzəm/

(ethics) the theory that the pursuit of your own welfare in the basis of morality

From this reading They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.

egoisticadjective

limited to or caring only about yourself and your own needs

From this reading They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.

existverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪst/

have an existence, be extant

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.

failverbUS /feɪl/

fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

FeelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.

foundationsnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃənz/

plural of “foundation” — the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

furnishingnounUS /ˈfɜːrnɪʃɪŋ/

(usually plural) accessory wearing apparel

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

groundworknounUS /ˈɡraʊndwɜːrk/

the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

guiltnounUS /ɡɪlt/

the state of having committed an offense

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading These drawbacks may be illustrated under three heads.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

illustratedverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪtəd/

past form of “illustrate” — clarify by giving an example of

From this reading These drawbacks may be illustrated under three heads.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

incidentnounUS /ˈɪnsədənt/

a single distinct event

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.

inherentadjectiveUS /ɪnˈhɪrənt/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

instinctnounUS /ˈɪnstɪŋkt/

inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading These drawbacks may be illustrated under three heads.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

noblenessnoun

the quality of elevation of mind and exaltation of character or ideals or conduct

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

passionnounUS /ˈpæʃən/

a strong feeling or emotion

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

primarilyadverbUS /praɪˈmerəli/

for the most part

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

productsnounUS /ˈprɑːdəkts/

plural of “product” — commodities offered for sale

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

rationaladjectiveUS /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/

Based on or in accordance with reason or logic rather than turbulent emotions.

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

ruinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

scopenounUS /skoʊp/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

selfishnessnounUS /ˈselfɪʃnəs/

stinginess resulting from a concern for your own welfare and a disregard of others

From this reading They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

temptationnounUS /temˈteɪʃən/

something that seduces or has the quality to seduce

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

THEIRdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading These drawbacks may be illustrated under three heads.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

transfigureverb

elevate or idealize, in allusion to Christ's transfiguration

From this reading They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.

tripleverbUS /ˈtrɪpəl/

increase threefold

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading These drawbacks may be illustrated under three heads.

unfitadjectiveUS /ənˈfɪt/

below the required standards for a purpose

From this reading They are unfit completely to transfigure egoism, for they have all an egoistic aspect, and are indeed merely extended forms of selfishness.

upholdverbUS /əpˈhoʊld/

keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading THE DISASTERS OF CORIOLANUS AND THEIR CAUSES Feeling for his country, feeling for his caste, feeling for his family thus form the triple groundwork of Coriolanus’ nobleness, but they fail to uphold it in the storm of temptation.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading As furnishing the foundations of conduct they have dangers and defects, inherent in themselves, or incident to their combination, and these it is to which the guilt and ruin of Coriolanus are due.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading They are primarily the products of nature, instinct, passion; and may exist without being raised to the rank of rational principles and without having their just scope delimited and defined.

Chapter 22 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background by Mungo William, Sir MacCallum holds 1285 sentences, grouped into 257 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background contain?

Chapter 22 holds 1285 sentences of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background, unabridged, divided into 257 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background by Mungo William, Sir MacCallum exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 1285 sentences, grouped into 257 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background?

Work through the 257 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 257 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background

Common questions about reading Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background by Mungo William, Sir MacCallum on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background section by section

How to work through Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Shakespeare's Roman plays and their background, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.