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Shakspeare's Mental Photographs
Shakspeare's Mental Photographs

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Shakspeare's Mental Photographs is here in full — 443 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/88 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SHAKSPEARE’S MENTAL PHOTOGRAPHS.
MENTAL PHOTOGRAPHS.
—whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.
KING LEAR.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shakspeare's Mental Photographs

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Shakspeare's Mental Photographs is here in full — 443 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/88 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SHAKSPEARE’S MENTAL PHOTOGRAPHS.
Line 2
MENTAL PHOTOGRAPHS.
/ˈmentəl ˈfoʊtəɡræfs/
Line 3
—whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.
Line 4
KING LEAR.
/kɪŋ lɪr/
Line 5
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Clerk's noun US /klɜːrks/

possessive form of “clerk” — an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

Congress noun US /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading “Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.”

District noun US /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading “Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.”

flatter verb US /ˈflætər/

praise somewhat dishonestly

From this reading “—whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.”

hamlet noun US /ˈhæmlət/

a community of people smaller than a village

From this reading “—whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.”

houghton noun US /ˈhɔːtən/

United States publisher who founded a printing shop that became an important book publisher (1823-1895)

From this reading “Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.”

lear noun US /lɪr/

British artist and writer of nonsense verse (1812-1888)

From this reading “KING LEAR.”

photographs noun US /ˈfoʊtəɡræfs/

plural of “photograph” — a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide or in digital format

From this reading “SHAKSPEARE’S MENTAL PHOTOGRAPHS.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

speak truth verb + noun

In this reading “—whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.”

Act of verb + particle

In this reading “Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1865

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

ActverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

Clerk'snounUS /klɜːrks/

possessive form of “clerk” — an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

CongressnounUS /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

DistrictnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

EnteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

flatterverbUS /ˈflætər/

praise somewhat dishonestly

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

HAMLETnounUS /ˈhæmlət/

a community of people smaller than a village

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnəst/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

HOUGHTONnounUS /ˈhɔːtən/

United States publisher who founded a printing shop that became an important book publisher (1823-1895)

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

HURD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

KINGnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading KING LEAR.

LEARnounUS /lɪr/

British artist and writer of nonsense verse (1812-1888)

From this reading KING LEAR.

MENTALadjectiveUS /ˈmentəl/

involving the mind or an intellectual process

From this reading SHAKSPEARE’S MENTAL PHOTOGRAPHS.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

mirour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

OfficenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

PHOTOGRAPHSnounUS /ˈfoʊtəɡræfs/

plural of “photograph” — a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide or in digital format

From this reading SHAKSPEARE’S MENTAL PHOTOGRAPHS.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

SHAKSPEARE'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SHAKSPEARE’S MENTAL PHOTOGRAPHS.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

tnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading —whose end, both at the first, and now, was, and is, to hold, as ’t were, the mirour up to nature.—HAMLET He cannot flatter, he!— An honest mind and plain,—he must speak truth; An they will take it, so.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by HURD AND HOUGHTON, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York.

Chapter 1 of Shakspeare's Mental Photographs by Anonymous [Compiler] holds 443 sentences, grouped into 89 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Shakspeare's Mental Photographs contain?

Chapter 1 holds 443 sentences of Shakspeare's Mental Photographs, unabridged, divided into 89 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Shakspeare's Mental Photographs by Anonymous [Compiler] exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 443 sentences, grouped into 89 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Shakspeare's Mental Photographs?

Work through the 89 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 89 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shakspeare's Mental Photographs

Common questions about reading Shakspeare's Mental Photographs by Anonymous [Compiler] on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shakspeare's Mental Photographs?

Yes. All 879 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56851 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shakspeare's Mental Photographs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56851, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shakspeare's Mental Photographs take to read?

About 73 minutes of reading across 176 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shakspeare's Mental Photographs section by section

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  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Shakspeare's Mental Photographs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shakspeare's Mental Photographs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Shakspeare
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shakspeare's Mental Photographs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mental
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shakspeare's Mental Photographs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Photographs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shakspeare's Mental Photographs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whose
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shakspeare's Mental Photographs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.