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Shakspere and Montaigne An Endeavour
Shakspere and Montaigne An Endeavour

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Shakspere and Montaigne An Endeavour is here in full — 422 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
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29: Act. i. sc.
2.
30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.
He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.
We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shakspere and Montaigne An Endeavour

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Shakspere and Montaigne An Endeavour is here in full — 422 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
29: Act. i. sc.
Line 2
2.
Line 3
30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.
Line 4
He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.
Line 5
We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Archduke noun US /ˈɑːrtʃduːk/

a sovereign prince of the former ruling house of Austria

From this reading “He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.”

Bastard noun US /ˈbæstərd/

insulting terms of address for people who are stupid or irritating or ridiculous

From this reading “He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.”

calf's noun US /kæfs/

possessive form of “calf” — young of domestic cattle

From this reading “He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.”

convinces verb US /kənˈvɪnsɪz/

third-person singular of “convince” — make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something

From this reading “He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.”

Essays noun US /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading “He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.”

Florio noun US /ˈflɔːrioʊ/

English lexicographer remembered for his Italian and English dictionary (1553-1625)

From this reading “We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.”

mockery noun US /ˈmɑːkəri/

showing your contempt by derision

From this reading “30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.”

translates verb US /trænzˈleɪts/

third-person singular of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading “We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1595

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 2.

29

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 29: Act. i. sc.

30

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

ActverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading 29: Act. i. sc.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading 30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

ArchdukenounUS /ˈɑːrtʃduːk/

a sovereign prince of the former ruling house of Austria

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

AustrianounUS /ˈɔːstriə/

a mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

BastardnounUS /ˈbæstərd/

insulting terms of address for people who are stupid or irritating or ridiculous

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

calf'snounUS /kæfs/

possessive form of “calf” — young of domestic cattle

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

circumstancenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

convincesverbUS /kənˈvɪnsɪz/

third-person singular of “convince” — make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

d'un

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

EssaysnounUS /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading 30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

FlorionounUS /ˈflɔːrioʊ/

English lexicographer remembered for his Italian and English dictionary (1553-1625)

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

fonoun

an officer holding the rank of major or lieutenant colonel or colonel

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading 30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

HangverbUS /hæŋ/

be suspended or hanging

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

ipronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading 29: Act. i. sc.

iiinoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading 30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading 30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading 30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

limbsnounUS /lɪmz/

plural of “limb” — one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

mirthfuladjective

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading 30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.

mockerynounUS /ˈmɑːkəri/

showing your contempt by derision

From this reading 30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.

Montaignenoun

French writer regarded as the originator of the modern essay (1533-1592)

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

oxe-hide

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

peau

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading 30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.

recreantnoun

an abject coward

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

scnoun

a white trivalent metallic element; sometimes classified in the rare earth group; occurs in the Scandinavian mineral thortveitite

From this reading 29: Act. i. sc.

Shaksperenoun

English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading 30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.

skinnounUS /skɪn/

a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading 30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

translatesverbUS /trænzˈleɪts/

third-person singular of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

usesnounUS /ˈjuːsəz/

plural of “use” — the act of using

From this reading 30: Shakspere already uses this expression in _King John_ (1595) for purposes of mirthful mockery.

veaunoun

meat from a calf

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We think it a fact important enough to point out that Florio translates _peau d'un veau_ by 'oxe-hide' (fo.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He makes the Bastard say to the Archduke of Austria (act iii. sc. i):--'Hang a calf's skin on those recreant limbs!'--a circumstance which convinces us that Shakspere knew the Essays of Montaigne from the original at an early time.

Chapter 4 of Shakspere and Montaigne An Endeavour by Jacob Feis holds 422 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Chapter 4 holds 422 sentences of Shakspere and Montaigne An Endeavour, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Shakspere and Montaigne An Endeavour by Jacob Feis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 422 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #8139, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Shakspere and Montaigne An Endeavour

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shakspere and Montaigne An Endeavour, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Editorial
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Shakspere
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shakspere and Montaigne An Endeavour; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spelling
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Author
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