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Shallow Soil
Shallow Soil

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Shallow Soil is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Shallow Soil
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.
At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.
But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.
He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.
And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shallow Soil

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Shallow Soil is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.
Line 2
At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.
Line 3
But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.
Line 4
He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.
/hiː wɑːz ənˈnoʊn ˌwʌˈtevər slaɪt əˈtenʃən hɪz ˈɜːrliər ˈstrʌɡəlz fɔːr ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən meɪ hæv əˈtræktɪd wɑːz lɔːŋ əˈɡoʊ fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/
Line 5
And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.
/ənd naʊ hiː bleɪzd fɔːrθ ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt wɪð ˌmiːtiˈɔːrɪk ˈsʌdənnəs wɪð ə streɪndʒ fænˈtæstɪk ˌɪnˈtens ˈbrɪljəns wɪtʃ kʊd ˈoʊnli ˈeməneɪt frʌm ə stɑːr ʌv ðə fɜːrst ˈmæɡnətuːd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

autobiographical adjective US /ˌɔːtəbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of an autobiographer

From this reading “In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.”

Brandes verb US /brændz/

third-person singular of “brand” — burn with a branding iron to indicate ownership; of animals

From this reading “At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.”

cosmopolitan adjective US /ˌkɑːzməˈpɑːlətən/

growing or occurring in many parts of the world

From this reading “At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.”

emanate verb US /ˈeməneɪt/

proceed or issue forth, as from a source

From this reading “And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.”

Ibsen noun US /ˈɪbsən/

realistic Norwegian author who wrote plays on social and political themes (1828-1906)

From this reading “At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.”

Knut noun US /knʌt/

king of Denmark and Norway who forced Edmund II to divide England with him; on the death of Edmund II, Canute became king of all England (994-1035)

From this reading “But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.”

meteoric adjective US /ˌmiːtiˈɔːrɪk/

of or pertaining to atmospheric phenomena, especially weather and weather conditions

From this reading “And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.”

Scandinavian adjective US /ˌskændɪˈneɪviən/

of or relating to Scandinavia or its peoples or cultures

From this reading “At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1888

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

attractedverbUS /əˈtræktɪd/

past form of “attract” — direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

autobiographicaladjectiveUS /ˌɔːtəbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of an autobiographer

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

Björnson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

blazedverbUS /bleɪzd/

past form of “blaze” — shine brightly and intensively

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

BrandesverbUS /brændz/

third-person singular of “brand” — burn with a branding iron to indicate ownership; of animals

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

brilliancenounUS /ˈbrɪljəns/

a light within the field of vision that is brighter than the brightness to which the eyes are adapted

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

chaptersnounUS /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

circlesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəlz/

plural of “circle” — ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

cosmopolitanadjectiveUS /ˌkɑːzməˈpɑːlətən/

growing or occurring in many parts of the world

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

createdverbUS /kriˈeɪtəd/

past form of “create” — make or cause to be or to become

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

DanishnounUS /ˈdeɪnɪʃ/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Denmark

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

emanateverbUS /ˈeməneɪt/

proceed or issue forth, as from a source

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

famenounUS /feɪm/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

fantasticadjectiveUS /fænˈtæstɪk/

ludicrously odd

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

forgottenadjectiveUS /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

Hamsunnoun

Norwegian writer of novels (1859-1952)

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

IbsennounUS /ˈɪbsən/

realistic Norwegian author who wrote plays on social and political themes (1828-1906)

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

instantlyadverbUS /ˈɪnstəntli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

intenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtens/

possessing or displaying a distinctive feature to a heightened degree

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

KnutnounUS /knʌt/

king of Denmark and Norway who forced Edmund II to divide England with him; on the death of Edmund II, Canute became king of all England (994-1035)

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

magazinenounUS /ˈmæɡəziːn/

a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

magnitudenounUS /ˈmæɡnətuːd/

the property of relative size or extent (whether large or small)

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

maintainedadjectiveUS /meɪnˈteɪnd/

kept in good condition

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

meteoricadjectiveUS /ˌmiːtiˈɔːrɪk/

of or pertaining to atmospheric phenomena, especially weather and weather conditions

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

northernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

overnightadverbUS /ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt/

during or for the length of one night

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

productionnounUS /prəˈdʌkʃən/

the act or process of producing something

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

professionaladjectiveUS /prəˈfeʃənəl/

engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

recognitionnounUS /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən/

the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

ScandinavianadjectiveUS /ˌskændɪˈneɪviən/

of or relating to Scandinavia or its peoples or cultures

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

skiesnounUS /skaɪz/

plural of “sky” — the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

slightnounUS /slaɪt/

a deliberate discourteous act (usually as an expression of anger or disapproval)

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

starnounUS /stɑːr/

(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

star-gazers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

Strindbergnoun

Swedish dramatist and novelist (1849-1912)

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

strugglesnounUS /ˈstrʌɡəlz/

plural of “struggle” — an energetic attempt to achieve something

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

suddennessnounUS /ˈsʌdənnəs/

the quality of happening with headlong haste or without warning

From this reading And now he blazed forth overnight, with meteoric suddenness, with a strange, fantastic, intense brilliance which could only emanate from a star of the first magnitude.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

touchverbUS /tʌtʃ/

make physical contact with, come in contact with

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

vigilantadjectiveUS /ˈvɪdʒələnt/

carefully observant or attentive; on the lookout for possible danger

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

watchverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading He was unknown; whatever slight attention his earlier struggles for recognition may have attracted was long ago forgotten.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the autumn of 1888 a Danish magazine published a few chapters of an autobiographical novel which instantly created the greatest stir in literary circles throughout Europe.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But even the professional star-gazers, who maintained a vigilant watch on northern skies, had never come across the name of Knut Hamsun.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading At that time Ibsen, Björnson, Brandes, Strindberg, and other Scandinavian writers were at the height of their cosmopolitan fame, and it was only natural that the reading world should keep in close touch with the literary production of the North.

Chapter 1 of Shallow Soil by Knut Hamsun holds 417 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Shallow Soil contain?

Chapter 1 holds 417 sentences of Shallow Soil, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Shallow Soil by Knut Hamsun exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 417 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Shallow Soil?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shallow Soil

Common questions about reading Shallow Soil by Knut Hamsun on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shallow Soil?

Yes. All 5660 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7537 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shallow Soil is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7537, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shallow Soil take to read?

About 471 minutes of reading across 1132 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shallow Soil section by section

How to work through Shallow Soil section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of Shallow Soil to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shallow Soil

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shallow Soil, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Autumn
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shallow Soil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Danish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shallow Soil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Magazine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shallow Soil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shallow Soil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.