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Shavings: A Novel
Shavings: A Novel

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Shavings: A Novel is here in full — 659 sentences across 132 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/131 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.
Miss Thompson was an orphan.
Her father had kept a small drug store in a town in western Massachusetts.
Her mother had been a clergyman's daughter.
Both had died when she was in her 'teens.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shavings: A Novel

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Shavings: A Novel is here in full — 659 sentences across 132 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/131 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.
Line 2
Miss Thompson was an orphan.
/mɪs ˈtɑːmpsən wɑːz æn ˈɔːrfən/
Line 3
Her father had kept a small drug store in a town in western Massachusetts.
/hɜːr ˈfɑːðər hæd kept ə smɔːl drʌɡ stɔːr ɪn ə taʊn ɪn ˈwestərn ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsəts/
Line 4
Her mother had been a clergyman's daughter.
Line 5
Both had died when she was in her 'teens.
/boʊθ hæd daɪd wen ʃiː wɑːz ɪn hɜːr tiːnz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Babbitt's noun US /ˈbæbəts/

possessive form of “babbitt” — an alloy of tin with some copper and antimony; a lining for bearings that reduces friction

From this reading “Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.”

drug verb US /drʌɡ/

administer a drug to

From this reading “Her father had kept a small drug store in a town in western Massachusetts.”

enlistment noun US /enˈlɪstmənt/

a period of time spent in military service

From this reading “Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.”

Leander noun US /liˈændər/

(Greek mythology) a youth beloved of Hero who drowned in a storm in the Hellespont on one of his nightly visits to see her

From this reading “Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.”

Massachusetts noun US /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsəts/

a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading “Her father had kept a small drug store in a town in western Massachusetts.”

teens noun US /tiːnz/

the time of life between the ages of 12 and 20

From this reading “Both had died when she was in her 'teens.”

Thompson noun US /ˈtɑːmpsən/

United States classical archaeologist (born in Canada) noted for leading the excavation of the Athenian agora (1906-2000)

From this reading “Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.”

windmill noun US /ˈwɪndmɪl/

a mill that is powered by the wind

From this reading “Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Miss Thompson was an orphan.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

Babbitt'snounUS /ˈbæbəts/

possessive form of “babbitt” — an alloy of tin with some copper and antimony; a lining for bearings that reduces friction

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

Bearse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Her mother had been a clergyman's daughter.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

BothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Both had died when she was in her 'teens.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

clergyman's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Her mother had been a clergyman's daughter.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading Her mother had been a clergyman's daughter.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Both had died when she was in her 'teens.

downstairsadverbUS /ˈdaʊnˈsterz/

on a floor below

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

drugverbUS /drʌɡ/

administer a drug to

From this reading Her father had kept a small drug store in a town in western Massachusetts.

enlistmentnounUS /enˈlɪstmənt/

a period of time spent in military service

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Her father had kept a small drug store in a town in western Massachusetts.

Floretta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

forty-nineadjective

being nine more than forty

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

Gabe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Her father had kept a small drug store in a town in western Massachusetts.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Her father had kept a small drug store in a town in western Massachusetts.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

Jed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading Her father had kept a small drug store in a town in western Massachusetts.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

LeandernounUS /liˈændər/

(Greek mythology) a youth beloved of Hero who drowned in a storm in the Hellespont on one of his nightly visits to see her

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

MassachusettsnounUS /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsəts/

a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Her father had kept a small drug store in a town in western Massachusetts.

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Her mother had been a clergyman's daughter.

newsnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

Orham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

orphannounUS /ˈɔːrfən/

a child who has lost both parents

From this reading Miss Thompson was an orphan.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Both had died when she was in her 'teens.

shopverbUS /ʃɑːp/

do one's shopping

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Her father had kept a small drug store in a town in western Massachusetts.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

storenounUS /stɔːr/

a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading Her father had kept a small drug store in a town in western Massachusetts.

teachverbUS /tiːtʃ/

impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

teensnounUS /tiːnz/

the time of life between the ages of 12 and 20

From this reading Both had died when she was in her 'teens.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

ThompsonnounUS /ˈtɑːmpsən/

United States classical archaeologist (born in Canada) noted for leading the excavation of the Athenian agora (1906-2000)

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Her father had kept a small drug store in a town in western Massachusetts.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Miss Thompson was an orphan.

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading Her father had kept a small drug store in a town in western Massachusetts.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Both had died when she was in her 'teens.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

windmillnounUS /ˈwɪndmɪl/

a mill that is powered by the wind

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

Winslow's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Upon a late September day forty-nine years and some months before that upon which Gabe Bearse came to Jed Winslow's windmill shop in Orham with the news of Leander Babbitt's enlistment, Miss Floretta Thompson came to that village to teach the "downstairs" school.

Chapter 3 of Shavings: A Novel by Joseph Crosby Lincoln holds 659 sentences, grouped into 132 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Shavings: A Novel contain?

Chapter 3 holds 659 sentences of Shavings: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 132 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Shavings: A Novel by Joseph Crosby Lincoln exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 659 sentences, grouped into 132 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Shavings: A Novel?

Work through the 132 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 132 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shavings: A Novel

Common questions about reading Shavings: A Novel by Joseph Crosby Lincoln on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shavings: A Novel?

Yes. All 10043 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2452 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shavings: A Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2452, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shavings: A Novel take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2009 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Shavings: A Novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Shavings: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shavings: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gabriel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shavings: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bearse
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shavings: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Happy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shavings: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prominence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shavings: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.