Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Shavings: A Novel
Shavings: A Novel

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Shavings: A Novel is here in full — 442 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Shavings: A Novel
Context Illustration Reading 1/88 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.
By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.
Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.
Jed, in his own child-like fashion, had reared his moonshine castle beam by beam.
At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shavings: A Novel

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Shavings: A Novel is here in full — 442 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/88 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.
/ə tʃaɪld spendz taɪm ənd θɔːt ənd ˈenərdʒi əˈpɑːn ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ʌv ə haʊs ʌv blɑːks/
Line 2
By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.
/baɪ ðə taɪm ɪt ɪz ˈnɪrɪŋ kəmˈpliːʃən ɪt hæz bɪˈkʌm tuː hɪm ə ˈveri riːl ˈedəfəs/
Line 3
Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.
Line 4
Jed, in his own child-like fashion, had reared his moonshine castle beam by beam.
Line 5
At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.
/æt fɜːrst hiː hæd rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd ɪt æz ˈmuːnʃaɪn ənd hæd rəˈfjuːzd tuː kənˈsɪdər ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ʌv ɪt ˈeniθɪŋ bʌt ə ˈdeɪn.dʒər.əs.li ˈplezənt ˈpæstaɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

collapses noun US /kəˈlæpsɪz/

plural of “collapse” — an abrupt failure of function or complete physical exhaustion

From this reading “Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.”

completion noun US /kəmˈpliːʃən/

(American football) a successful forward pass in football

From this reading “By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.”

dangerously adverb US /ˈdeɪn.dʒər.əs.li/

In a way that involves danger or risk.

From this reading “At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.”

edifice noun US /ˈedəfəs/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading “By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.”

moonshine noun US /ˈmuːnʃaɪn/

the light of the Moon

From this reading “Jed, in his own child-like fashion, had reared his moonshine castle beam by beam.”

nearing verb US /ˈnɪrɪŋ/

-ing form of “near” — move towards

From this reading “By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.”

pastime noun US /ˈpæstaɪm/

a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly)

From this reading “At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.”

spends verb US /spendz/

third-person singular of “spend” — use up a period of time in a specific way

From this reading “A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

beamnounUS /biːm/

a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weather

From this reading Jed, in his own child-like fashion, had reared his moonshine castle beam by beam.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.

blocknounUS /blɑːk/

a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides)

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

blocksnounUS /blɑːks/

plural of “block” — a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides)

From this reading A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading Jed, in his own child-like fashion, had reared his moonshine castle beam by beam.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.

child-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jed, in his own child-like fashion, had reared his moonshine castle beam by beam.

collapsesnounUS /kəˈlæpsɪz/

plural of “collapse” — an abrupt failure of function or complete physical exhaustion

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

completionnounUS /kəmˈpliːʃən/

(American football) a successful forward pass in football

From this reading By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.

consolationnounUS /ˌkɑːnsəˈleɪʃən/

the comfort you feel when consoled in times of disappointment

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

couldn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

dangerouslyadverbUS /ˈdeɪn.dʒər.əs.li/

In a way that involves danger or risk.

From this reading At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.

edificenounUS /ˈedəfəs/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.

energynounUS /ˈenərdʒi/

(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Jed, in his own child-like fashion, had reared his moonshine castle beam by beam.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Jed, in his own child-like fashion, had reared his moonshine castle beam by beam.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.

heapnounUS /hiːp/

a collection of objects laid on top of each other

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Jed, in his own child-like fashion, had reared his moonshine castle beam by beam.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Jed, in his own child-like fashion, had reared his moonshine castle beam by beam.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.

Jed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jed, in his own child-like fashion, had reared his moonshine castle beam by beam.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

moonshinenounUS /ˈmuːnʃaɪn/

the light of the Moon

From this reading Jed, in his own child-like fashion, had reared his moonshine castle beam by beam.

nearingverbUS /ˈnɪrɪŋ/

-ing form of “near” — move towards

From this reading By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Jed, in his own child-like fashion, had reared his moonshine castle beam by beam.

pastimenounUS /ˈpæstaɪm/

a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly)

From this reading At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.

pleasantadjectiveUS /ˈplezənt/

affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings

From this reading At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.

rearedverbUS /rɪrd/

past form of “rear” — stand up on the hind legs, of quadrupeds

From this reading Jed, in his own child-like fashion, had reared his moonshine castle beam by beam.

refusedverbUS /rəˈfjuːzd/

past form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading At first he had regarded it as moonshine and had refused to consider the building of it anything but a dangerously pleasant pastime.

remindedverbUS /riˈmaɪndɪd/

past form of “remind” — put in the mind of someone

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

spendsverbUS /spendz/

third-person singular of “spend” — use up a period of time in a specific way

From this reading A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.

ThereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.

ungracefuladjective

lacking grace; clumsy

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading A child spends time and thought and energy upon the building of a house of blocks.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading By the time it is nearing completion it has become to him a very real edifice.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Therefore, when it collapses into an ungraceful heap upon the floor it is poor consolation to be reminded that, after all, it was merely a block house and couldn't be expected to stand.

Chapter 20 of Shavings: A Novel by Joseph Crosby Lincoln holds 442 sentences, grouped into 89 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Shavings: A Novel contain?

Chapter 20 holds 442 sentences of Shavings: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 89 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Shavings: A Novel by Joseph Crosby Lincoln exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 442 sentences, grouped into 89 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Shavings: A Novel?

Work through the 89 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 89 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shavings: A Novel

Common questions about reading Shavings: A Novel by Joseph Crosby Lincoln on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shavings: A Novel?

Yes. All 10043 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2452 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shavings: A Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2452, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shavings: A Novel take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2009 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shavings: A Novel section by section

How to work through Shavings: A Novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Shavings: A Novel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shavings: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shavings: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Gabriel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shavings: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bearse
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shavings: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Happy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shavings: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prominence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shavings: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.