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Shibusawa
Shibusawa

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Shibusawa is here in full — 46 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
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THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.
He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.
His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.
Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.
"I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shibusawa

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Shibusawa is here in full — 46 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.
Line 2
He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.
Line 3
His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.
/hɪz rɪˈpiːtɪd dɪˈfiːt hæd nɑːt bɪn əˈtrɪbjətɪd tuː ðæt ɪt wɑːz əˈpɑːn ˈbeɪsər ɡraʊndz hiː hæd ɪksˈkjuːzd hɪmˈself ənd əˈkjuːzd hɜːr/
Line 4
Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.
/hɜːr ˈkɑːnstənsi ˌhaʊˈevər hæd əˈweɪkənd ɪn hɪm ə ˈbetər sens ʌv hɜːr ˈneɪtʃər ənd hiː naʊ bɪˈɡæn tuː fiːl ðə fɔːrs ʌv hɜːr ˈvɝː.tʃuː bʌt ˈhævɪŋ əˈɡen mɪˈsteɪkən hɜːr ənd ˈrɔːŋfəli əˈtrɪbjətɪd hɜːr rəˈfjuːzəl tuː ðə səkˈses ʌv ə ˈraɪvəl hiː bɪˈkeɪm mæd ənd vaʊd ˈvendʒəns æz wel æz ˈvɪktəri/
Line 5
"I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attributed verb US /əˈtrɪbjətɪd/

past form of “attribute” — attribute or credit to

From this reading “His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.”

baser adjective US /ˈbeɪsər/

comparative of “base” — serving as or forming a base

From this reading “His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.”

constancy noun US /ˈkɑːnstənsi/

the quality of being enduring and free from change or variation

From this reading “Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.”

excused adjective US /ɪksˈkjuːzd/

granted exemption

From this reading “His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.”

fretted adjective US /ˈfretɪd/

having frets

From this reading “"I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.”

overlooked adjective US /ˈoʊvərlʊkt/

not taken into account

From this reading “He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.”

vowed verb US /vaʊd/

past form of “vow” — make a vow; promise

From this reading “Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.”

wrongfully adverb US /ˈrɔːŋfəli/

in an unjust or unfair manner

From this reading “Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

vowed vengeance verb + noun counted as “vow vengeance”

In this reading “Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.”

in spite preposition + noun

In this reading “"I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.

accusednounUS /əˈkjuːzd/

a defendant in a criminal proceeding

From this reading His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

attributedverbUS /əˈtrɪbjətɪd/

past form of “attribute” — attribute or credit to

From this reading His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.

awakenedadjectiveUS /əˈweɪkənd/

aroused or activated

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

baseradjectiveUS /ˈbeɪsər/

comparative of “base” — serving as or forming a base

From this reading His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.

callsnounUS /kɔːlz/

plural of “call” — a telephone connection

From this reading "I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.

charmnounUS /tʃɑːrm/

attractiveness that interests or pleases or stimulates

From this reading He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.

constancynounUS /ˈkɑːnstənsi/

the quality of being enduring and free from change or variation

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

defeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.

dennounUS /den/

the habitation of wild animals

From this reading "I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

divineadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪn/

emanating from God

From this reading He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading "I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading "I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.

excusedadjectiveUS /ɪksˈkjuːzd/

granted exemption

From this reading His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.

failurenounUS /ˈfeɪljər/

an act that fails

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

frettedadjectiveUS /ˈfretɪd/

having frets

From this reading "I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

groundsnounUS /ɡraʊndz/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

huntverbUS /hʌnt/

pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals)

From this reading "I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.

Ikamon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.

Kinsan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.

madadjectiveUS /mæd/

roused to anger

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

mistakenadjectiveUS /mɪˈsteɪkən/

wrong in e.g. opinion or judgment

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.

overlookedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊvərlʊkt/

not taken into account

From this reading He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.

prizenounUS /praɪz/

something given for victory or superiority in a contest or competition or for winning a lottery

From this reading He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.

refusalnounUS /rəˈfjuːzəl/

the act of refusing

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.

repeatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈpiːtɪd/

recurring again and again

From this reading His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

rivalverbUS /ˈraɪvəl/

be equal to in quality or ability

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.

satisfactionnounUS /ˌsætəˈsfækʃən/

the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading "I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.

stayedverbUS /steɪd/

past form of “stay” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading "I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

Takara's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.

Tetsutaisho

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading "I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had always regarded Kinsan as a prize not to be overlooked, but had not offered to divine her real charm.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.

urgentadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrdʒənt/

compelling immediate action

From this reading "I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.

VENGEANCEnounUS /ˈvendʒəns/

the act of taking revenge (harming someone in retaliation for something harmful that they have done) especially in the next life

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

victorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

VOWverbUS /vaʊ/

make a vow; promise

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

vowedverbUS /vaʊd/

past form of “vow” — make a vow; promise

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His repeated defeat had not been attributed to that; it was upon baser grounds he had excused himself and accused her.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading "I will hunt him down!" said he to himself, as he entered his den, and there stayed and fretted, in spite of Takara's repeated urgent calls.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE VOW OF VENGEANCE When Ikamon had gone Tetsutaisho retired, and as he did so he went with the satisfaction of having discovered, as he thought, the secret of his failure.

wrongfullyadverbUS /ˈrɔːŋfəli/

in an unjust or unfair manner

From this reading Her constancy, however, had awakened in him a better sense of her nature, and he now began to feel the force of her virtue; but having again mistaken her, and wrongfully attributed her refusal to the success of a rival, he became mad and vowed vengeance as well as victory.

Chapter 18 of Shibusawa by I. William Adams holds 46 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Shibusawa contain?

Chapter 18 holds 46 sentences of Shibusawa, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Shibusawa by I. William Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 46 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Shibusawa?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shibusawa

Common questions about reading Shibusawa by I. William Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shibusawa?

Yes. All 3230 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60367 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shibusawa is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60367, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shibusawa take to read?

About 269 minutes of reading across 646 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shibusawa section by section

How to work through Shibusawa section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Shibusawa to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shibusawa

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shibusawa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Putnam's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shibusawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shibusawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Knickerbocker
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shibusawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Press
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shibusawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.