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Shibusawa
Shibusawa

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Shibusawa is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Shibusawa
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.
She pondered, but wisely held her counsel.
Tetsutaisho did not fathom her, but satisfied himself and reviled her upon shallower grounds.
When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.
He was big in war, but small in consequence.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shibusawa

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Shibusawa is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.
Line 2
She pondered, but wisely held her counsel.
/ʃiː ˈpɑːndərd bʌt ˈwaɪzli held hɜːr ˈkaʊnsəl/
Line 3
Tetsutaisho did not fathom her, but satisfied himself and reviled her upon shallower grounds.
Line 4
When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.
/wen left tuː hɪz oʊn ˈriːkɔːrs ʃɔːrn ʌv ˈɪmpəls hɪz ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ ˈseldəm roʊz əˈbʌv ðə ˈlesər ˈɔːrdər/
Line 5
He was big in war, but small in consequence.
/hiː wɑːz bɪɡ ɪn wɔːr bʌt smɔːl ɪn ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

fading noun US /ˈfeɪdɪŋ/

weakening in force or intensity

From this reading “THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.”

fathom verb US /ˈfæðəm/

come to understand

From this reading “Tetsutaisho did not fathom her, but satisfied himself and reviled her upon shallower grounds.”

mourned verb US /mɔːrnd/

past form of “mourn” — feel sadness

From this reading “THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.”

recourse noun US /ˈriːkɔːrs/

act of turning to for assistance

From this reading “When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.”

revered adjective US /rɪˈvɪrd/

profoundly honored

From this reading “THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.”

reviled verb US /riˈvaɪld/

past form of “revile” — spread negative information about

From this reading “Tetsutaisho did not fathom her, but satisfied himself and reviled her upon shallower grounds.”

shallower adjective US /ˈʃæloʊər/

comparative of “shallow” — lacking physical depth; having little spatial extension downward or inward from an outer surface or backward or outward from a center

From this reading “Tetsutaisho did not fathom her, but satisfied himself and reviled her upon shallower grounds.”

shorn adjective US /ʃɔːrn/

having the hair or wool cut or clipped off as if with shears or clippers

From this reading “When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

in consequence preposition + noun

In this reading “He was big in war, but small in consequence.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Tetsutaisho did not fathom her, but satisfied himself and reviled her upon shallower grounds.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He was big in war, but small in consequence.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading He was big in war, but small in consequence.

counselnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a lawyer who pleads cases in court

From this reading She pondered, but wisely held her counsel.

deeplyadverbUS /ˈdiːpli/

to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Tetsutaisho did not fathom her, but satisfied himself and reviled her upon shallower grounds.

fadingnounUS /ˈfeɪdɪŋ/

weakening in force or intensity

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

fathomverbUS /ˈfæðəm/

come to understand

From this reading Tetsutaisho did not fathom her, but satisfied himself and reviled her upon shallower grounds.

FORTY-SEVENadjective

being seven more than forty

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

groundsnounUS /ɡraʊndz/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading Tetsutaisho did not fathom her, but satisfied himself and reviled her upon shallower grounds.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was big in war, but small in consequence.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading She pondered, but wisely held her counsel.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Tetsutaisho did not fathom her, but satisfied himself and reviled her upon shallower grounds.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.

impulsenounUS /ˈɪmpəls/

an instinctive motive

From this reading When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He was big in war, but small in consequence.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

lesseradjectiveUS /ˈlesər/

of less size or importance

From this reading When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

Michizane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

mournedverbUS /mɔːrnd/

past form of “mourn” — feel sadness

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.

ponderedverbUS /ˈpɑːndərd/

past form of “ponder” — reflect deeply on a subject

From this reading She pondered, but wisely held her counsel.

recoursenounUS /ˈriːkɔːrs/

act of turning to for assistance

From this reading When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.

representativenounUS /ˌreprəˈzentətɪv/

a person who represents others

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

reveredadjectiveUS /rɪˈvɪrd/

profoundly honored

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

reviledverbUS /riˈvaɪld/

past form of “revile” — spread negative information about

From this reading Tetsutaisho did not fathom her, but satisfied himself and reviled her upon shallower grounds.

RONIN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.

satisfiedadjectiveUS /ˈsætəsfaɪd/

filled with satisfaction

From this reading Tetsutaisho did not fathom her, but satisfied himself and reviled her upon shallower grounds.

seldomadverbUS /ˈseldəm/

not often

From this reading When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.

shalloweradjectiveUS /ˈʃæloʊər/

comparative of “shallow” — lacking physical depth; having little spatial extension downward or inward from an outer surface or backward or outward from a center

From this reading Tetsutaisho did not fathom her, but satisfied himself and reviled her upon shallower grounds.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

shornadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrn/

having the hair or wool cut or clipped off as if with shears or clippers

From this reading When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He was big in war, but small in consequence.

Takara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

Tetsutaisho

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tetsutaisho did not fathom her, but satisfied himself and reviled her upon shallower grounds.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

understandingnounUS /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

the cognitive condition of someone who understands

From this reading When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Tetsutaisho did not fathom her, but satisfied himself and reviled her upon shallower grounds.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading He was big in war, but small in consequence.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was big in war, but small in consequence.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When left to his own recourse, shorn of impulse, his understanding seldom rose above the lesser order.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE FORTY-SEVEN RONIN Takara deeply mourned the fate of Michizane, whom she not only loved but had revered as the only living representative left to her of a fast fading memory.

wiselyadverbUS /ˈwaɪzli/

in a wise manner

From this reading She pondered, but wisely held her counsel.

Chapter 20 of Shibusawa by I. William Adams holds 66 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Shibusawa contain?

Chapter 20 holds 66 sentences of Shibusawa, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Shibusawa by I. William Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 66 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Shibusawa?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shibusawa

Common questions about reading Shibusawa by I. William Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shibusawa?

Yes. All 3230 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60367 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shibusawa is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60367, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shibusawa take to read?

About 269 minutes of reading across 646 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shibusawa section by section

How to work through Shibusawa section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Shibusawa to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shibusawa

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shibusawa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Putnam's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shibusawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shibusawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Knickerbocker
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shibusawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Press
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shibusawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.