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Shibusawa
Shibusawa

Chapter XXXII

Chapter 32 of Shibusawa is here in full — 86 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.
Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.
The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.
Yet, being unprepared, he could take no part in its effective solution.
Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shibusawa

Chapter XXXII

Chapter 32 of Shibusawa is here in full — 86 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.
Line 2
Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.
Line 3
The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.
Line 4
Yet, being unprepared, he could take no part in its effective solution.
/jet ˈbiːɪŋ ˌʌnpriˈperd hiː kʊd teɪk noʊ pɑːrt ɪn ɪts ɪˈfektɪv səˈluːʃən/
Line 5
Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

devoting verb US /dɪˈvoʊtɪŋ/

-ing form of “devote” — give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause

From this reading “Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.”

shirk verb US /ʃɜːrk/

avoid (one's assigned duties)

From this reading “Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.”

stability noun US /stəˈbɪlɪti/

the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast

From this reading “The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.”

supersede verb US /ˌsuːpərˈsiːd/

take the place or move into the position of

From this reading “Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.”

Tokyo noun US /ˈtoʊkioʊ/

the capital and largest city of Japan; the economic and cultural center of Japan

From this reading “THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.”

unprepared adjective US /ˌʌnpriˈperd/

without preparation; not prepared for

From this reading “Yet, being unprepared, he could take no part in its effective solution.”

unrest noun US /ənˈrest/

a state of agitation or turbulent change or development

From this reading “The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.”

untimely adjective US /ənˈtaɪmli/

badly timed

From this reading “THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

untimely death adjective + noun

In this reading “THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aloofadjectiveUS /əˈluːf/

remote in manner

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

apprehendverbUS /ˌæprɪˈhend/

get the meaning of something

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Yet, being unprepared, he could take no part in its effective solution.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.

complaisancenoun

a disposition or tendency to yield to the will of others

From this reading Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Yet, being unprepared, he could take no part in its effective solution.

Daikomitsu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

devotingverbUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪŋ/

-ing form of “devote” — give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

dutiesnounUS /ˈduːtiz/

plural of “duty” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

easeverbUS /iːz/

move gently or carefully

From this reading Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.

effectiveadjectiveUS /ɪˈfektɪv/

producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect

From this reading Yet, being unprepared, he could take no part in its effective solution.

emoluments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

encouragedadjectiveUS /enˈkɜːrɪdʒd/

inspired with confidence

From this reading The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.

energiesnounUS /ˈenərdʒiz/

plural of “energy” — (physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

enjoymentnounUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪmənt/

the pleasure felt when having a good time

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

fathomed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.

flowingnounUS /ˈfloʊɪŋ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Yet, being unprepared, he could take no part in its effective solution.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

Ikamon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

improvementnounUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvmənt/

a change for the better; progress in development

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

internaladjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Yet, being unprepared, he could take no part in its effective solution.

lackedverbUS /lækt/

past form of “lack” — be without

From this reading The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.

LikeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

murderersnounUS /ˈmɜːrdərərz/

plural of “murderer” — a criminal who commits homicide (who performs the unlawful premeditated killing of another human being)

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

officialadjectiveUS /əˈfɪʃəl/

having official authority or sanction

From this reading Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Yet, being unprepared, he could take no part in its effective solution.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.

policynounUS /ˈpɑːləsi/

a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

From this reading The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

prepareverbUS /priˈper/

make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

quietudenoun

a state of peace and quiet

From this reading The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.

regretverbUS /rəˈɡret/

feel remorse for; feel sorry for; be contrite about

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.

responsibilitiesnounUS /riˌspɑːnsəˈbɪlətiz/

plural of “responsibility” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

RISEverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

satisfiedadjectiveUS /ˈsætəsfaɪd/

filled with satisfaction

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

securitynounUS /sɪˈkjʊrəti/

the state of being free from danger or injury

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

seekingnounUS /ˈsiːkɪŋ/

the act of searching for something

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

SHIBUSAWA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

shirkverbUS /ʃɜːrk/

avoid (one's assigned duties)

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

solutionnounUS /səˈluːʃən/

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently (but not necessarily) a liquid solution

From this reading Yet, being unprepared, he could take no part in its effective solution.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.

spherenounUS /sfɪr/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.

stabilitynounUS /stəˈbɪlɪti/

the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast

From this reading The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

supersedeverbUS /ˌsuːpərˈsiːd/

take the place or move into the position of

From this reading Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.

Takara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Yet, being unprepared, he could take no part in its effective solution.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

TokyonounUS /ˈtoʊkioʊ/

the capital and largest city of Japan; the economic and cultural center of Japan

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.

turmoils

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Like his father before him he had held himself aloof as much as possible from the turmoils of state, devoting his energies to internal security and improvement; not because of seeking to shirk his duties, but that he might better prepare himself for the responsibilities.

unpreparedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnpriˈperd/

without preparation; not prepared for

From this reading Yet, being unprepared, he could take no part in its effective solution.

unrestnounUS /ənˈrest/

a state of agitation or turbulent change or development

From this reading The new policy encouraged quietude, but lacked stability, and only, perhaps, Shibusawa fathomed the true cause for unrest.

untimelyadjectiveUS /ənˈtaɪmli/

badly timed

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE RISE OF SHIBUSAWA The untimely death of Ikamon caused little regret, even at Tokyo; no attempt was made to apprehend his murderers, and Daikomitsu settled down, satisfied in the enjoyment of his emoluments.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Shibusawa remained without his sphere and Takara soon ceased to supersede the ease and comfort flowing from official complaisance.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet, being unprepared, he could take no part in its effective solution.

Chapter 32 of Shibusawa by I. William Adams holds 86 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 32 of Shibusawa contain?

Chapter 32 holds 86 sentences of Shibusawa, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 32 of Shibusawa by I. William Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 86 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 32 of Shibusawa?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 32 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 32 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shibusawa

Common questions about reading Shibusawa by I. William Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shibusawa?

Yes. All 3230 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60367 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shibusawa is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60367, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shibusawa take to read?

About 269 minutes of reading across 646 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shibusawa section by section

How to work through Shibusawa section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Shibusawa to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shibusawa

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shibusawa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Putnam's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shibusawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shibusawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Knickerbocker
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shibusawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Press
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shibusawa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.