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Shifting For Himself
Shifting For Himself

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Shifting For Himself is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Shifting For Himself
Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A FEMALE FOE.
There was a moment of embarrassing silence after the entrance of Gilbert.
Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.
Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.
He was the first to speak, and his tone, though a little embarrassed, was yet not without kindness.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shifting For Himself

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Shifting For Himself is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A FEMALE FOE.
/ə ˈfiːmeɪl foʊ/
Line 2
There was a moment of embarrassing silence after the entrance of Gilbert.
/ðer wɑːz ə ˈmoʊmənt ʌv ɪmˈberəsɪŋ ˈsaɪ.ləns ˈæftər ðə ˈentrəns ʌv ˈɡɪlbərt/
Line 3
Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.
Line 4
Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.
Line 5
He was the first to speak, and his tone, though a little embarrassed, was yet not without kindness.
/hiː wɑːz ðə fɜːrst tuː spiːk ənd hɪz toʊn ðoʊ ə ˈlɪtəl ɪmˈberəst wɑːz jet nɑːt wɪˈθaʊt ˈkaɪndnəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

astonishment noun US /əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt/

the feeling that accompanies something extremely surprising

From this reading “Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.”

effrontery noun US /ɪˈfrʌntəri/

audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to

From this reading “Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.”

embarrassed adjective US /ɪmˈberəst/

feeling or caused to feel ill at ease or self-conscious or ashamed

From this reading “He was the first to speak, and his tone, though a little embarrassed, was yet not without kindness.”

embarrassing adjective US /ɪmˈberəsɪŋ/

hard to deal with; especially causing pain or embarrassment

From this reading “There was a moment of embarrassing silence after the entrance of Gilbert.”

female adjective US /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading “A FEMALE FOE.”

foe noun US /foʊ/

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading “A FEMALE FOE.”

Gilbert noun US /ˈɡɪlbərt/

a unit of magnetomotive force equal to 0.7958 ampere-turns

From this reading “There was a moment of embarrassing silence after the entrance of Gilbert.”

paralyzed adjective US /ˈperəlaɪzd/

affected with paralysis

From this reading “Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

with astonishment preposition + noun

In this reading “Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.”

by surprise preposition + noun

In this reading “Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.”

with curiosity preposition + noun

In this reading “Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A FEMALE FOE.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading There was a moment of embarrassing silence after the entrance of Gilbert.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was the first to speak, and his tone, though a little embarrassed, was yet not without kindness.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.

astonishmentnounUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt/

the feeling that accompanies something extremely surprising

From this reading Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.

Briggs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

curiositynounUS /ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti/

a state in which you want to learn more about something

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

effronterynounUS /ɪˈfrʌntəri/

audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to

From this reading Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.

embarrassedadjectiveUS /ɪmˈberəst/

feeling or caused to feel ill at ease or self-conscious or ashamed

From this reading He was the first to speak, and his tone, though a little embarrassed, was yet not without kindness.

embarrassingadjectiveUS /ɪmˈberəsɪŋ/

hard to deal with; especially causing pain or embarrassment

From this reading There was a moment of embarrassing silence after the entrance of Gilbert.

entrancenounUS /ˈentrəns/

something that provides access (to get in or get out)

From this reading There was a moment of embarrassing silence after the entrance of Gilbert.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.

FEMALEadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading A FEMALE FOE.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading He was the first to speak, and his tone, though a little embarrassed, was yet not without kindness.

FOEnounUS /foʊ/

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading A FEMALE FOE.

GilbertnounUS /ˈɡɪlbərt/

a unit of magnetomotive force equal to 0.7958 ampere-turns

From this reading There was a moment of embarrassing silence after the entrance of Gilbert.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.

kindnessnounUS /ˈkaɪndnəs/

the quality of being warmhearted and considerate and humane and sympathetic

From this reading He was the first to speak, and his tone, though a little embarrassed, was yet not without kindness.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He was the first to speak, and his tone, though a little embarrassed, was yet not without kindness.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading There was a moment of embarrassing silence after the entrance of Gilbert.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was the first to speak, and his tone, though a little embarrassed, was yet not without kindness.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There was a moment of embarrassing silence after the entrance of Gilbert.

paralyzedadjectiveUS /ˈperəlaɪzd/

affected with paralysis

From this reading Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.

parentsnounUS /ˈperənts/

plural of “parent” — a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

Randolph

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.

silencenounUS /ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading There was a moment of embarrassing silence after the entrance of Gilbert.

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading He was the first to speak, and his tone, though a little embarrassed, was yet not without kindness.

surprisenounUS /sərˈpraɪz/

the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There was a moment of embarrassing silence after the entrance of Gilbert.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was a moment of embarrassing silence after the entrance of Gilbert.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading He was the first to speak, and his tone, though a little embarrassed, was yet not without kindness.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

tonenounUS /toʊn/

the quality of a person's voice

From this reading He was the first to speak, and his tone, though a little embarrassed, was yet not without kindness.

waitedverbUS /ˈweɪtɪd/

past form of “wait” — stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was a moment of embarrassing silence after the entrance of Gilbert.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Mrs. Briggs, as she afterwards expressed it, was paralyzed with astonishment at the effrontery of the boy.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading He was the first to speak, and his tone, though a little embarrassed, was yet not without kindness.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Randolph waited with curiosity to hear what his parents would say, while Mr. Briggs was silent merely because he was taken by surprise.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading He was the first to speak, and his tone, though a little embarrassed, was yet not without kindness.

Chapter 20 of Shifting For Himself by Horatio, Jr. Alger holds 120 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Shifting For Himself contain?

Chapter 20 holds 120 sentences of Shifting For Himself, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Shifting For Himself by Horatio, Jr. Alger exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 120 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Shifting For Himself?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shifting For Himself

Common questions about reading Shifting For Himself by Horatio, Jr. Alger on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shifting For Himself?

Yes. All 4606 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55598 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shifting For Himself is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #55598, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shifting For Himself take to read?

About 383 minutes of reading across 922 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shifting For Himself section by section

How to work through Shifting For Himself section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of Shifting For Himself to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shifting For Himself

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shifting For Himself, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

School-fellows
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shifting For Himself; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Burton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shifting For Himself; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boarding-school
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shifting For Himself; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ferment
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shifting For Himself; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.