Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn
Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn is here in full — 445 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn
Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.
The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.
The crew was a mixed one.
There seemed to be representatives of at least half a dozen nations.
The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn is here in full — 445 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.
/ðer wɑːz ˈsʌmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈvesəl wɪtʃ wɑːz ˈveri əˈfensɪv tuː ðə ˈkrɪtɪkəl aɪ ʌv ɡæf/
Line 2
The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.
Line 3
The crew was a mixed one.
/ðə kruː wɑːz ə mɪkst wʌn/
Line 4
There seemed to be representatives of at least half a dozen nations.
/ðer siːmd tuː biː ˌreprəˈzentətɪvz ʌv æt liːst hæf ə ˈdʌzən ˈneɪʃənz/
Line 5
The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.
/ðə ˈkæptən hɪmˈself wɑːz ʌv mɪkst blʌd ənd noʊ wʌn kʊd hæv toʊld frʌm hɪz lʊk ɔːr spiːtʃ tuː wʌt ˈneɪʃən hiː bɪˈlɔːŋd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

critical adjective US /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading “There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.”

Gaff noun US /ɡæf/

a sharp metal spike or spur that is fastened to the leg of a gamecock

From this reading “There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.”

management noun US /ˈmænədʒmənt/

the act of managing something

From this reading “The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.”

offensive adjective US /əˈfensɪv/

violating or tending to violate or offend against

From this reading “There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.”

representatives noun US /ˌreprəˈzentətɪvz/

plural of “representative” — a person who represents others

From this reading “There seemed to be representatives of at least half a dozen nations.”

rigging noun US /ˈrɪɡɪŋ/

gear consisting of ropes etc. supporting a ship's masts and sails

From this reading “The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.”

slovenliness noun US /ˈslʌvənlinəs/

a lack of order and tidiness; not cared for

From this reading “The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.”

tyranny noun US /ˈtɪrəni/

a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

From this reading “The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The crew was a mixed one.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There seemed to be representatives of at least half a dozen nations.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There seemed to be representatives of at least half a dozen nations.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

belongedverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋd/

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

captainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.

crewnounUS /kruː/

the men and women who man a vehicle (ship, aircraft, etc.)

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

criticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.

dirtyadjectiveUS /ˈdɜːrti/

soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

dozennounUS /ˈdʌzən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading There seemed to be representatives of at least half a dozen nations.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.

GaffnounUS /ɡæf/

a sharp metal spike or spur that is fastened to the leg of a gamecock

From this reading There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading There seemed to be representatives of at least half a dozen nations.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading There seemed to be representatives of at least half a dozen nations.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.

managementnounUS /ˈmænədʒmənt/

the act of managing something

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

mixedadjectiveUS /mɪkst/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading The crew was a mixed one.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading There seemed to be representatives of at least half a dozen nations.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.

offensiveadjectiveUS /əˈfensɪv/

violating or tending to violate or offend against

From this reading There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The crew was a mixed one.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

representativesnounUS /ˌreprəˈzentətɪvz/

plural of “representative” — a person who represents others

From this reading There seemed to be representatives of at least half a dozen nations.

riggingnounUS /ˈrɪɡɪŋ/

gear consisting of ropes etc. supporting a ship's masts and sails

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading There seemed to be representatives of at least half a dozen nations.

semi-mutinous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

slovenlinessnounUS /ˈslʌvənlinəs/

a lack of order and tidiness; not cared for

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.

surlinessnoun

a disposition to exhibit uncontrolled anger

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.

tyrannynounUS /ˈtɪrəni/

a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.

vesselnounUS /ˈvesəl/

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The captain himself was of mixed blood, and no one could have told from his look or speech to what nation he belonged.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There was something about this vessel which was very offensive to the critical eye of Gaff.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The nature of her work might account for her being so dirty; but that was no reason for the slovenliness of her rigging and general management, the surliness and tyranny of her captain, and the semi-mutinous condition of her crew.

Chapter 4 of Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn by R. M. (Robert Michael) Ballantyne holds 445 sentences, grouped into 89 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn contain?

Chapter 4 holds 445 sentences of Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn, unabridged, divided into 89 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn by R. M. (Robert Michael) Ballantyne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 445 sentences, grouped into 89 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn?

Work through the 89 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 89 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn

Common questions about reading Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn by R. M. (Robert Michael) Ballantyne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn?

Yes. All 3982 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21702 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21702, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn take to read?

About 331 minutes of reading across 797 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn section by section

How to work through Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Often
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ballantyne's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Really
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shifting Winds: A Tough Yarn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.