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Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration
Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration is here in full — 519 sentences across 104 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/103 · 5 lines
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WATER, AND THE SAP OF PLANTS.
{Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.
Rivers, lakes, springs, and rain pools are the most common and obvious, needing no comment here.
Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.
Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration is here in full — 519 sentences across 104 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/103 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WATER, AND THE SAP OF PLANTS.
/ˈwɔːtər ənd ðə sæp ʌv plænts/
Line 2
{Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.
Line 3
Rivers, lakes, springs, and rain pools are the most common and obvious, needing no comment here.
/ˈrɪvərz leɪks sprɪŋz ənd reɪn puːlz ɑːr ðə moʊst ˈkɑːmən ənd ˈɑːbviəs ˈniːdɪŋ noʊ ˈkɑːment hiːr/
Line 4
Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.
/ˈʃaʊərz ʌv reɪn ˈɔːfən jiːld ə kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈkwɑːntəti wɪtʃ meɪ biː kɑːt ɪn seɪlz ɔːr ʃiːts spred fɔːr ðə ˈpɜːrpəs səˈlektɪŋ ðoʊz wɪtʃ ɑːr friː frʌm ðə ˌpɜːrspərˈeɪʃən ʌv men ɔːr ˈænəməlz/
Line 5
Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

composing noun US /kəmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading “{Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.”

cracks noun US /kræks/

plural of “crack” — a long narrow opening

From this reading “Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.”

crevices noun US /ˈkrevəsɪz/

plural of “crevice” — a long narrow depression in a surface

From this reading “Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.”

needing verb US /ˈniːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “need” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading “Rivers, lakes, springs, and rain pools are the most common and obvious, needing no comment here.”

preservation noun US /ˌprezərˈveɪʃən/

the activity of protecting something from loss or danger

From this reading “{Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.”

ravines noun US /rəˈviːnz/

plural of “ravine” — a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)

From this reading “Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.”

sap verb US /sæp/

deplete

From this reading “WATER, AND THE SAP OF PLANTS.”

selecting verb US /səˈlektɪŋ/

-ing form of “select” — pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading “Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

considerable quantity adjective + noun

In this reading “Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.”

depended on verb + particle counted as “depend on”

be contingent on

In this reading “{Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.”

free from verb + particle

In this reading “Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.”

for the purpose preposition + article + noun counted as “for … purpose”

In this reading “Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.”

in the sand preposition + article + noun counted as “in … sand”

In this reading “Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading WATER, AND THE SAP OF PLANTS.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

clefts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

cliffsnounUS /klɪfs/

plural of “cliff” — a steep high face of rock

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

commentnounUS /ˈkɑːment/

a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading Rivers, lakes, springs, and rain pools are the most common and obvious, needing no comment here.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Rivers, lakes, springs, and rain pools are the most common and obvious, needing no comment here.

composingnounUS /kəmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

containverbUS /kənˈteɪn/

include or contain; have as a component

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

cracksnounUS /kræks/

plural of “crack” — a long narrow opening

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

crevicesnounUS /ˈkrevəsɪz/

plural of “crevice” — a long narrow depression in a surface

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

DeepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

dependedverbUS /dɪˈpendəd/

past form of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

fluidnounUS /ˈfluːəd/

a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Rivers, lakes, springs, and rain pools are the most common and obvious, needing no comment here.

importancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

lakesnounUS /leɪks/

plural of “lake” — a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading Rivers, lakes, springs, and rain pools are the most common and obvious, needing no comment here.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

LocalitynounUS /loʊˈkæləti/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

losesverbUS /ˈluːzəz/

third-person singular of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Rivers, lakes, springs, and rain pools are the most common and obvious, needing no comment here.

needingverbUS /ˈniːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “need” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading Rivers, lakes, springs, and rain pools are the most common and obvious, needing no comment here.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Rivers, lakes, springs, and rain pools are the most common and obvious, needing no comment here.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

numerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

obtainedverbUS /əbˈteɪnd/

past form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

obtainmentnoun

the act of obtaining

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

obviousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːbviəs/

easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind

From this reading Rivers, lakes, springs, and rain pools are the most common and obvious, needing no comment here.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WATER, AND THE SAP OF PLANTS.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

perspirationnounUS /ˌpɜːrspərˈeɪʃən/

salty fluid secreted by sweat glands

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

PLANTSnounUS /plænts/

plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading WATER, AND THE SAP OF PLANTS.

poolsnounUS /puːlz/

plural of “pool” — an excavation that is (usually) filled with water

From this reading Rivers, lakes, springs, and rain pools are the most common and obvious, needing no comment here.

preciousadjectiveUS /ˈpreʃəs/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

preservationnounUS /ˌprezərˈveɪʃən/

the activity of protecting something from loss or danger

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

quantitynounUS /ˈkwɑːntəti/

how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading Rivers, lakes, springs, and rain pools are the most common and obvious, needing no comment here.

ravinesnounUS /rəˈviːnz/

plural of “ravine” — a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

RiversnounUS /ˈrɪvərz/

plural of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Rivers, lakes, springs, and rain pools are the most common and obvious, needing no comment here.

rivulets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

runsnounUS /rʌnz/

plural of “run” — a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

sailsnounUS /seɪlz/

plural of “sail” — a large piece of fabric (usually canvas fabric) by means of which wind is used to propel a sailing vessel

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

SAPverbUS /sæp/

deplete

From this reading WATER, AND THE SAP OF PLANTS.

sea-shore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

selectingverbUS /səˈlektɪŋ/

-ing form of “select” — pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

sheetsnounUS /ʃiːts/

plural of “sheet” — any broad thin expanse or surface

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

ShowersnounUS /ˈʃaʊərz/

plural of “shower” — a plumbing fixture that sprays water over you

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

sourcesnounUS /ˈsɔːrsəz/

plural of “source” — the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

springsnounUS /sprɪŋz/

plural of “spring” — the season of growth

From this reading Rivers, lakes, springs, and rain pools are the most common and obvious, needing no comment here.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WATER, AND THE SAP OF PLANTS.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Deep clefts among rocks and ravines often contain a great deal, and the cliffs by the sea-shore, although there are no rivulets to be discovered, frequently contain cracks and crevices, through which water runs and loses itself in the sand.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

travellernounUS /ˈtrævələr/

a person who changes location

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

unfrequently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

vitaladjectiveUS /ˈvaɪtəl/

urgently needed; absolutely necessary

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

WATERnounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading WATER, AND THE SAP OF PLANTS.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading {Locality for water.} The whole success of an expedition and the preservation of the lives of those composing it have not unfrequently depended on the obtainment of this precious fluid; and, as its importance to the traveller is vital, so the sources from which it is to be obtained are numerous.

yieldverbUS /jiːld/

be the cause or source of

From this reading Showers of rain often yield a considerable quantity, which may be caught in sails or sheets spread for the purpose, selecting those which are free from the perspiration of men or animals.

Chapter 14 of Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration by William Barry Lord holds 519 sentences, grouped into 104 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration contain?

Chapter 14 holds 519 sentences of Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration, unabridged, divided into 104 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration by William Barry Lord exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 519 sentences, grouped into 104 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration?

Work through the 104 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 104 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration by William Barry Lord on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #46446, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 1862 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Title
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Consists
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Image
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Transcribed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shifts and Expedients of Camp Life, Travel & Exploration; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.