Chapter V

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

past form of “abolish” — do away with

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

from one side of something to the other

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

any thing at all

From this reading The latter were regarded as anything but unimportant.

-ing form of “appoint” — create and charge with a task or function

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The latter were regarded as anything but unimportant.

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

capability to perform or produce

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

plural of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

qualified by reservations

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

past form of “conduct” — direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

plural of “corporation” — a business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

inflected form of “deal” — act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

past form of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

command with authority

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

plural of “emperor” — the male ruler of an empire

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

involving financial matters

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

(comparative of “fine”) greater in quality or excellence

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

plural of “good” — benefit

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

of great significance or value

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

past form of “influence” — have and exert influence or effect

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading The latter were regarded as anything but unimportant.

march in a procession

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

of or relating to the sea

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

Italian poet (1569-1625)

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

the guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

plural of “owner” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

an amount of time

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

-ing form of “possess” — have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

an example that is used to justify similar occurrences at a later time

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

plural of “privilege” — a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading The latter were regarded as anything but unimportant.

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

plural of “shipowner” — someone who owns a ship or a share in a ship

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

plural of “superintendent” — a person who directs and manages an organization

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

(of undissolved particles in a fluid) supported or kept from sinking or falling by buoyancy and without apparent attachment

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

in or at that place or location

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

a facility consisting of the means and equipment necessary for the movement of passengers or goods

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

not important

From this reading The latter were regarded as anything but unimportant.

up to a particular time

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading ROME AND THE SEA Marine development under the Romans was largely influenced by Greek precedent and practice, but there were points of difference.

which person or people

From this reading The transportation of goods across the seas was conducted by shipowners, who formed themselves into corporations under the style of _navicularii marini_, but from the middle of November to the middle of March navigation was suspended until the finer weather returned.

in the company of; together with

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Under the Republic these shipmen worked for the companies of _publicani_, but Augustus abolished these financial companies, appointing in their stead superintendents who dealt direct with the owners of ships.

a late time of life

From this reading On them the victualling of the capital largely depended, and the early emperors granted them, as owners of important merchant vessels, special privileges; but this was conditional on their ships possessing a capacity of 10,000 modii, and on their carrying corn to Rome for the period of six years.