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Ships & Ways of Other Days
Ships & Ways of Other Days

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Ships & Ways of Other Days is here in full — 341 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/68 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.
But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.
Of the former, no better instance could be found than the disastrous Wars of the Roses.
Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.
The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ships & Ways of Other Days

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Ships & Ways of Other Days is here in full — 341 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/68 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.
/ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋ ˈmerənərz wɔːr hæz ˈɔːlweɪz bɪn ə ɡreɪt ˌɪnˈsentɪv tuː ˈʃɪpbɪldɪŋ/
Line 2
But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.
/bʌt ðɪs ˈsteɪtmənt riˈkwaɪərz ˌmɑːdəfəˈkeɪʃən baɪ ɪkˈskluːdɪŋ boʊθ ˈsɪvəl wɔːr ənd ðə ˈmɜːr.tʃənt ʃɪp/
Line 3
Of the former, no better instance could be found than the disastrous Wars of the Roses.
/ʌv ðə ˈfɔːrmər noʊ ˈbetər ˈɪnstəns kʊd biː faʊnd ðæn ðə dɪˈzæstrəs wɔːrz ʌv ðə ˈroʊzɪz/
Line 4
Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.
Line 5
The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.
/ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋz tuː wɜːr ɡreɪt ˈwɔːriərz hens ðə ˈwʌndərfəl dɪˈveləpmənt ʌv ðer ʃɪps wɑːz fɔːr ˈhɑːstəl ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

disastrous adjective US /dɪˈzæstrəs/

(of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin

From this reading “Of the former, no better instance could be found than the disastrous Wars of the Roses.”

excluding verb US /ɪkˈskluːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “exclude” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading “But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.”

incentive noun US /ˌɪnˈsentɪv/

a positive motivational influence

From this reading “THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.”

mariners noun US /ˈmerənərz/

plural of “mariner” — a man who serves as a sailor

From this reading “THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.”

modification noun US /ˌmɑːdəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)

From this reading “But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.”

shipbuilding noun US /ˈʃɪpbɪldɪŋ/

the construction of ships

From this reading “THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.”

viking noun US /ˈvaɪkɪŋ/

any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

From this reading “THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.”

Vikings noun US /ˈvaɪkɪŋz/

plural of “viking” — any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

From this reading “The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

civil war adjective + noun

a war between factions in the same country

In this reading “But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.”

great warriors adjective + noun counted as “great warrior”

In this reading “The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.”

neglect of verb + particle

In this reading “Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Of the former, no better instance could be found than the disastrous Wars of the Roses.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Of the former, no better instance could be found than the disastrous Wars of the Roses.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Of the former, no better instance could be found than the disastrous Wars of the Roses.

developedadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpt/

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.

disastrousadjectiveUS /dɪˈzæstrəs/

(of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin

From this reading Of the former, no better instance could be found than the disastrous Wars of the Roses.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.

excludingverbUS /ɪkˈskluːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “exclude” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading Of the former, no better instance could be found than the disastrous Wars of the Roses.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Of the former, no better instance could be found than the disastrous Wars of the Roses.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.

henceadverbUS /hens/

for this reason

From this reading The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.

hostileadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːstəl/

characterized by enmity or ill will

From this reading The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.

incentivenounUS /ˌɪnˈsentɪv/

a positive motivational influence

From this reading THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Of the former, no better instance could be found than the disastrous Wars of the Roses.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.

MARINERSnounUS /ˈmerənərz/

plural of “mariner” — a man who serves as a sailor

From this reading THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.

merchantnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.

modificationnounUS /ˌmɑːdəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)

From this reading But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.

neglectverbUS /nəˈɡlekt/

leave undone or leave out

From this reading Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Of the former, no better instance could be found than the disastrous Wars of the Roses.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Of the former, no better instance could be found than the disastrous Wars of the Roses.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.

requiresverbUS /riˈkwaɪərz/

third-person singular of “require” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.

RomansnounUS /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.

RosesnounUS /ˈroʊzɪz/

plural of “rose” — any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Of the former, no better instance could be found than the disastrous Wars of the Roses.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.

shipbuildingnounUS /ˈʃɪpbɪldɪŋ/

the construction of ships

From this reading THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.

statementnounUS /ˈsteɪtmənt/

a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc

From this reading But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Of the former, no better instance could be found than the disastrous Wars of the Roses.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But this statement requires modification by excluding both civil war and the merchant ship.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.

VIKINGnounUS /ˈvaɪkɪŋ/

any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

From this reading THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.

VikingsnounUS /ˈvaɪkɪŋz/

plural of “viking” — any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

From this reading The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading THE VIKING MARINERS War has always been a great incentive to shipbuilding.

war-galley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.

WarsnounUS /wɔːrz/

plural of “war” — the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Of the former, no better instance could be found than the disastrous Wars of the Roses.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Of the latter, the manner in which the Romans and others developed the war-galley at the neglect of the merchant ship is a clear example.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading The Vikings, too, were great warriors; hence the wonderful development of their ships was for hostile purposes.

Chapter 6 of Ships & Ways of Other Days by E. Keble (Edward Keble) Chatterton holds 341 sentences, grouped into 69 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Ships & Ways of Other Days contain?

Chapter 6 holds 341 sentences of Ships & Ways of Other Days, unabridged, divided into 69 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Ships & Ways of Other Days by E. Keble (Edward Keble) Chatterton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 341 sentences, grouped into 69 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Ships & Ways of Other Days?

Work through the 69 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 69 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ships & Ways of Other Days

Common questions about reading Ships & Ways of Other Days by E. Keble (Edward Keble) Chatterton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ships & Ways of Other Days?

Yes. All 3392 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60226 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ships & Ways of Other Days is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60226, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ships & Ways of Other Days take to read?

About 282 minutes of reading across 679 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ships & Ways of Other Days section by section

How to work through Ships & Ways of Other Days section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of Ships & Ways of Other Days to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ships & Ways of Other Days

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ships & Ways of Other Days, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ships & Ways of Other Days; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sailing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ships & Ways of Other Days; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ships
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ships & Ways of Other Days; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ships & Ways of Other Days; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.