Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Ships & Ways of Other Days
Ships & Ways of Other Days

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Ships & Ways of Other Days is here in full — 360 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Ships & Ways of Other Days
Context Illustration Reading 1/72 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.
A four-masted warship of her reign was not a handy creature to control.
She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.
She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.
Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ships & Ways of Other Days

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Ships & Ways of Other Days is here in full — 360 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/72 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.
Line 2
A four-masted warship of her reign was not a handy creature to control.
Line 3
She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.
Line 4
She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.
Line 5
Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.
/bɪˈfɔːr wiː prəˈsiːd tuː dɪˈskʌs ðə weɪ ðeɪ wɜːr ˈhændəld let ʌs ˈbriːfli sərˈveɪ ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl taɪps ʌv ˈvesəlz ɑːn bɔːrd wɪtʃ ðə men ʌv ðɪs reɪn hæd tuː sɜːrv/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

addicted adjective US /əˈdɪktɪd/

compulsively or physiologically dependent on something habit-forming

From this reading “She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.”

elizabethan noun US /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading “THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.”

expansion noun US /ɪkˈspænʃən/

the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope

From this reading “THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.”

gunnery noun US /ˈɡʌnəri/

guns collectively

From this reading “THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.”

imperfection noun US /ˌɪmpərˈfekʃən/

the state or an instance of being imperfect

From this reading “THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.”

mapped verb US /mæpt/

inflected form of “map” — make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading “THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.”

warship noun US /ˈwɔːrʃɪp/

a government ship that is available for waging war

From this reading “A four-masted warship of her reign was not a handy creature to control.”

weights noun US /weɪts/

plural of “weight” — the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

From this reading “She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

on board preposition + noun

on a ship, train, plane or other vehicle

In this reading “Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.”

any degree adjective + noun

In this reading “She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.”

ride out verb + adjective

hang on during a trial of endurance

In this reading “She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

addictedadjectiveUS /əˈdɪktɪd/

compulsively or physiologically dependent on something habit-forming

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

AGEnounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

assuredadjectiveUS /əˈʃʊrd/

marked by assurance; exhibiting confidence

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

AtlanticnounUS /ətˈlæntɪk/

the 2nd largest ocean; separates North and South America on the west from Europe and Africa on the east

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

attainedadjectiveUS /əˈteɪnd/

achieved or reached

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

boardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

brieflyadverbUS /ˈbriːfli/

for a short time

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

clumsyadjectiveUS /ˈklʌmzi/

lacking grace in movement or posture

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

colonialadjectiveUS /kəˈloʊniəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

combinationnounUS /ˌkɑːmbəˈneɪʃən/

a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.

controlnounUS /kənˈtroʊl/

power to direct or determine

From this reading A four-masted warship of her reign was not a handy creature to control.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

creaturenounUS /ˈkriːtʃər/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading A four-masted warship of her reign was not a handy creature to control.

cumbrousadjective

difficult to handle or use especially because of size or weight

From this reading She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.

discussverbUS /dɪˈskʌs/

to consider or examine in speech or writing

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

ELIZABETHANnounUS /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

excellencenounUS /ˈeksələns/

the quality of excelling; possessing good qualities in high degree

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

expansionnounUS /ɪkˈspænʃən/

the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

four-masted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A four-masted warship of her reign was not a handy creature to control.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

galenounUS /ɡeɪl/

a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

gunnerynounUS /ˈɡʌnəri/

guns collectively

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

handledadjectiveUS /ˈhændəld/

having a usually specified type of handle

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

handyadjectiveUS /ˈhændi/

easy to reach

From this reading A four-masted warship of her reign was not a handy creature to control.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

imperfectionnounUS /ˌɪmpərˈfekʃən/

the state or an instance of being imperfect

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

improvementnounUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvmənt/

a change for the better; progress in development

From this reading She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

mappedverbUS /mæpt/

inflected form of “map” — make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

memorableadjectiveUS /ˈmemərəbəl/

worth remembering

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

navigationnounUS /ˈnævəˈɡeɪʃən/

the guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

owingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

principalnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

proceedverbUS /prəˈsiːd/

continue talking

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading A four-masted warship of her reign was not a handy creature to control.

rideverbUS /raɪd/

sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

rollingadjectiveUS /ˈroʊlɪŋ/

uttered with a trill

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

satisfactoryadjectiveUS /ˌsætəˈsfæktri/

giving satisfaction

From this reading She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.

seamanshipnoun

skill in sailing

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

supremacynounUS /səˈpreməsi/

power to dominate or defeat

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

surveynounUS /sərˈveɪ/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A four-masted warship of her reign was not a handy creature to control.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.

typesnounUS /taɪps/

plural of “type” — a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

vesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

VIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.

VIIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of seven and one

From this reading She was certainly an improvement on the ships of Henry VII and VIII, but she was too cumbrous to be considered in any degree satisfactory.

warshipnounUS /ˈwɔːrʃɪp/

a government ship that is available for waging war

From this reading A four-masted warship of her reign was not a handy creature to control.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

water-line

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

weightsnounUS /weɪts/

plural of “weight” — the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

From this reading She could fight and she could ride out an Atlantic gale, but she was clumsy; she was--even the best of her class--much addicted to rolling, owing to the fact that she possessed such immense weights above the water-line.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Before we proceed to discuss the way they were handled, let us briefly survey the principal types of vessels on board which the men of this reign had to serve.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE The seamanship, the navigation, and the gunnery of the Elizabethan age will ever be memorable, not merely because they attained such excellence after centuries of imperfection, but because by a combination of these three arts the whole future of England was mapped out, her supremacy assured, and her colonial expansion begun.

Chapter 10 of Ships & Ways of Other Days by E. Keble (Edward Keble) Chatterton holds 360 sentences, grouped into 72 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Ships & Ways of Other Days contain?

Chapter 10 holds 360 sentences of Ships & Ways of Other Days, unabridged, divided into 72 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Ships & Ways of Other Days by E. Keble (Edward Keble) Chatterton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 360 sentences, grouped into 72 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Ships & Ways of Other Days?

Work through the 72 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 72 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ships & Ways of Other Days

Common questions about reading Ships & Ways of Other Days by E. Keble (Edward Keble) Chatterton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ships & Ways of Other Days?

Yes. All 3392 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60226 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ships & Ways of Other Days is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #60226, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ships & Ways of Other Days take to read?

About 282 minutes of reading across 679 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ships & Ways of Other Days section by section

How to work through Ships & Ways of Other Days section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of Ships & Ways of Other Days to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ships & Ways of Other Days

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ships & Ways of Other Days, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ships & Ways of Other Days; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sailing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ships & Ways of Other Days; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ships
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ships & Ways of Other Days; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ships & Ways of Other Days; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.