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Shirley
Shirley

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Shirley is here in full — 323 sentences across 65 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Shirley
Context Illustration Reading 1/64 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OLD MAIDS.
Time wore on, and spring matured.
The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.
Still her poor were wretched, still their employers were harassed.
Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shirley

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Shirley is here in full — 323 sentences across 65 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/64 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OLD MAIDS.
/oʊld meɪdz/
Line 2
Time wore on, and spring matured.
/taɪm wɔːr ɑːn ənd sprɪŋ məˈtjʊrd/
Line 3
The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.
/ðə ˈsɜːrfəs ʌv ˈɪŋɡlənd bɪˈɡæn tuː lʊk ˈplezənt hɜːr fiːldz ɡruː ɡriːn hɜːr hɪlz freʃ hɜːr ˈɡɑːrdənz ˈbluːmɪŋ bʌt æt hɑːrt ʃiː wɑːz noʊ ˈbetər/
Line 4
Still her poor were wretched, still their employers were harassed.
/stɪl hɜːr puːr wɜːr ˈretʃɪd stɪl ðer emˈplɔɪərz wɜːr hərˈæst/
Line 5
Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attain verb US /əˈteɪn/

to gain with effort

From this reading “Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.”

employers noun US /emˈplɔɪərz/

plural of “employer” — a person or firm that employs workers

From this reading “Still her poor were wretched, still their employers were harassed.”

England's noun US /ˈɪŋɡləndz/

possessive form of “england” — a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading “Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.”

harassed adjective US /hərˈæst/

troubled persistently especially with petty annoyances

From this reading “Still her poor were wretched, still their employers were harassed.”

inadequate adjective US /ˌɪˈnædəkwət/

lacking the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task

From this reading “Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.”

lavished verb US /ˈlævɪʃt/

past form of “lavish” — expend profusely; also used with abstract nouns

From this reading “Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.”

matured adjective US /məˈtjʊrd/

fully ripe; at the height of bloom

From this reading “Time wore on, and spring matured.”

paralysis noun US /pərˈæləsəs/

loss of the ability to move a body part

From this reading “Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

OLD MAIDS adjective + noun counted as “old maid”

an elderly unmarried woman

In this reading “OLD MAIDS.”

wore on verb + particle counted as “wear on”

pass slowly (of time)

In this reading “Time wore on, and spring matured.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Time wore on, and spring matured.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

attainverbUS /əˈteɪn/

to gain with effort

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

bloomingnounUS /ˈbluːmɪŋ/

the organic process of bearing flowers

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

CommercenounUS /ˈkɑːmərs/

transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

employersnounUS /emˈplɔɪərz/

plural of “employer” — a person or firm that employs workers

From this reading Still her poor were wretched, still their employers were harassed.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

England'snounUS /ˈɪŋɡləndz/

possessive form of “england” — a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

gardensnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənz/

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

harassedadjectiveUS /hərˈæst/

troubled persistently especially with petty annoyances

From this reading Still her poor were wretched, still their employers were harassed.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

inadequateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnædəkwət/

lacking the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

lavishedverbUS /ˈlævɪʃt/

past form of “lavish” — expend profusely; also used with abstract nouns

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

MAIDSnounUS /meɪdz/

plural of “maid” — a female domestic

From this reading OLD MAIDS.

maturedadjectiveUS /məˈtjʊrd/

fully ripe; at the height of bloom

From this reading Time wore on, and spring matured.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

OLDadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading OLD MAIDS.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Time wore on, and spring matured.

paralysisnounUS /pərˈæləsəs/

loss of the ability to move a body part

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

pleasantadjectiveUS /ˈplezənt/

affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Still her poor were wretched, still their employers were harassed.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

shedverbUS /ʃed/

get rid of

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Time wore on, and spring matured.

StilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Still her poor were wretched, still their employers were harassed.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Still her poor were wretched, still their employers were harassed.

threatenedadjectiveUS /ˈθretənd/

(of flora or fauna) likely in the near future to become endangered

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

TimenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Time wore on, and spring matured.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The surface of England began to look pleasant: her fields grew green, her hills fresh, her gardens blooming; but at heart she was no better.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Still her poor were wretched, still their employers were harassed.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Commerce, in some of its branches, seemed threatened with paralysis, for the war continued; England's blood was shed and her wealth lavished--all, it seemed, to attain most inadequate ends.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading Time wore on, and spring matured.

wretchedadjectiveUS /ˈretʃɪd/

of very poor quality or condition

From this reading Still her poor were wretched, still their employers were harassed.

Chapter 10 of Shirley by Charlotte Brontë holds 323 sentences, grouped into 65 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Shirley contain?

Chapter 10 holds 323 sentences of Shirley, unabridged, divided into 65 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Shirley by Charlotte Brontë exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 323 sentences, grouped into 65 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Shirley?

Work through the 65 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 65 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shirley

Common questions about reading Shirley by Charlotte Brontë on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shirley?

Yes. All 14226 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30486 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shirley is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30486, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shirley take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2846 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shirley section by section

How to work through Shirley section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of Shirley to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shirley

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shirley, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shirley; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Abundant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shirley; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shower
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shirley; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Curates
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shirley; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.