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Short stories from the Balkans
Short stories from the Balkans

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Short stories from the Balkans is here in full — 397 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE·PLIMPTON·PRESS NORWOOD·MASS·U.S.A.
YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.
He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.
He changed his mind however and gave his time to philosophy, languages and literature.
In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Short stories from the Balkans

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Short stories from the Balkans is here in full — 397 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE·PLIMPTON·PRESS NORWOOD·MASS·U.S.A.
Line 2
YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.
Line 3
He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.
Line 4
He changed his mind however and gave his time to philosophy, languages and literature.
/hiː tʃeɪndʒd hɪz maɪnd ˌhaʊˈevər ənd ɡeɪv hɪz taɪm tuː fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz ənd ˈlɪtərətʃər/
Line 5
In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.
/ɪn ðɪs seɪm ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti ˈleɪtər hiː held fɔːr ˈmeni jɪrz ðə prəˈfesərʃɪp ʌv ˈmɑːdərn ˈlɪtərətʃər æz ə ˈraɪtər hɪz ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvəti hæz bɪn ˈɔːlmoʊst ənˈperəleld ənd ɪt hæz ɪkˈsprest ˌɪtˈself fɔːr ðə moʊst pɑːrt ɪn ðə doʊˈmeɪn ʌv ˈpoʊətri/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bohemian noun US /boʊˈhiːmiən/

a member of a people with dark skin and hair who speak Romany and who traditionally live by seasonal work and fortunetelling

From this reading “YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.”

domain noun US /doʊˈmeɪn/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading “In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.”

Prague noun US /prɑːɡ/

the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic in the western part of the country; a cultural and commercial center since the 14th century

From this reading “He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.”

preparatory adjective US /prɪˈperətɔːri/

preceding and preparing for something

From this reading “He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.”

productivity noun US /ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvəti/

the quality of being productive or having the power to produce

From this reading “In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.”

professorship noun US /prəˈfesərʃɪp/

the position of professor

From this reading “In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.”

theology noun US /θiˈɑːlədʒi/

the rational and systematic study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truth

From this reading “He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.”

unparalleled adjective US /ənˈperəleld/

radically distinctive and without equal

From this reading “In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

preparatory schools adjective + noun counted as “preparatory school”

a private secondary school

In this reading “He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.”

modern literature adjective + noun

In this reading “In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.”

most important adverb + adjective

In this reading “YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.”

many years adjective + noun

In this reading “In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.”

before going preposition + noun

In this reading “He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1853

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE·PLIMPTON·PRESS NORWOOD·MASS·U.S.A.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

BohemiannounUS /boʊˈhiːmiən/

a member of a people with dark skin and hair who speak Romany and who traditionally live by seasonal work and fortunetelling

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

carefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading He changed his mind however and gave his time to philosophy, languages and literature.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

domainnounUS /doʊˈmeɪn/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

educatedadjectiveUS /ˈedʒəkeɪtɪd/

possessing an education (especially having more than average knowledge)

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

Emil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

Frida

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading He changed his mind however and gave his time to philosophy, languages and literature.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading He changed his mind however and gave his time to philosophy, languages and literature.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

intentionnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃən/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

languagesnounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz/

plural of “language” — a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading He changed his mind however and gave his time to philosophy, languages and literature.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

Laun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

MASSnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading THE·PLIMPTON·PRESS NORWOOD·MASS·U.S.A.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading He changed his mind however and gave his time to philosophy, languages and literature.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

NORWOOD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE·PLIMPTON·PRESS NORWOOD·MASS·U.S.A.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

personalitynounUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈnælɪti/

the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading He changed his mind however and gave his time to philosophy, languages and literature.

PLIMPTON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE·PLIMPTON·PRESS NORWOOD·MASS·U.S.A.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

PraguenounUS /prɑːɡ/

the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic in the western part of the country; a cultural and commercial center since the 14th century

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

preparatoryadjectiveUS /prɪˈperətɔːri/

preceding and preparing for something

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

PRESSverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading THE·PLIMPTON·PRESS NORWOOD·MASS·U.S.A.

productivitynounUS /ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvəti/

the quality of being productive or having the power to produce

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

professorshipnounUS /prəˈfesərʃɪp/

the position of professor

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading THE·PLIMPTON·PRESS NORWOOD·MASS·U.S.A.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

schoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE·PLIMPTON·PRESS NORWOOD·MASS·U.S.A.

theologynounUS /θiˈɑːlədʒi/

the rational and systematic study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truth

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He changed his mind however and gave his time to philosophy, languages and literature.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

UnounUS /juː/

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading THE·PLIMPTON·PRESS NORWOOD·MASS·U.S.A.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

unparalleledadjectiveUS /ənˈperəleld/

radically distinctive and without equal

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

VRCHLICKÝ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading He was born in Laun in 1853, and was carefully educated in several different preparatory schools before going to the University of Prague where it was his intention to study theology.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

writernounUS /ˈraɪtər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

YAROSLAV

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading YAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ--_whose real name is Emil Frida--is perhaps the most important personality in modern Bohemian literature.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading In this same university later, he held for many years the professorship of modern literature._ _As a writer his productivity has been almost unparalleled, and it has expressed itself for the most part in the domain of poetry.

Chapter 1 of Short stories from the Balkans by Edna Worthley [Translator] Underwood holds 397 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Short stories from the Balkans contain?

Chapter 1 holds 397 sentences of Short stories from the Balkans, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Short stories from the Balkans by Edna Worthley [Translator] Underwood exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 397 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Short stories from the Balkans?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in Short stories from the Balkans

Words and structures a reader meets early in Short stories from the Balkans, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Short stories from the Balkans, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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