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Shorter Novels, Vol. 3
Shorter Novels, Vol. 3

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 is here in full — 27 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Shorter Novels, Vol. 3
Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.
Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.
Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.
In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.
The sentiments of the hearers were various.
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Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shorter Novels, Vol. 3

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 is here in full — 27 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.
Line 2
Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.
Line 3
Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.
/sʌm fɔːlts wɜːr ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈdʒenərəl əˈmʌŋ ðem ˈevəri wʌn wɑːz dɪˈzaɪrəs tuː dɪkˈteɪt tuː ðə rest ənd ˈevəri wʌn wɑːz pliːzd tuː hiːr ðə ˈdʒiːnjəs ɔːr ˈnɑːlədʒ ʌv əˈnʌðər dɪˈpriːʃieɪtɪd/
Line 4
In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.
Line 5
The sentiments of the hearers were various.
/ðə ˈsentəmənts ʌv ðə ˈhiːrərz wɜːr ˈveriəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

censure noun US /ˈsenʃər/

harsh criticism or disapproval

From this reading “In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.”

depreciated verb US /dɪˈpriːʃieɪtɪd/

past form of “depreciate” — belittle

From this reading “Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.”

dictate verb US /dɪkˈteɪt/

issue commands or orders for

From this reading “Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.”

hearers noun US /ˈhiːrərz/

plural of “hearer” — someone who listens attentively

From this reading “The sentiments of the hearers were various.”

hermit noun US /ˈhɜːrmət/

one retired from society for religious reasons

From this reading “In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.”

instructive adjective US /ˌɪnˈstrʌktɪv/

serving to instruct or enlighten or inform

From this reading “Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.”

relating verb US /rɪˈleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “relate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading “In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.”

unbend verb US /ˌʌnˈbend/

straighten up or out; make straight

From this reading “THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

interview with verb + particle

In this reading “In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.”

learned men adjective + noun

In this reading “THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

ACCORDINGadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

acuteadjectiveUS /əˈkjuːt/

having or experiencing a rapid onset and short but severe course

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

assemblynounUS /əˈsembli/

a group of machine parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

censurenounUS /ˈsenʃər/

harsh criticism or disapproval

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

coarseadjectiveUS /kɔːrs/

of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively large particles

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

compareverbUS /kəmˈper/

examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

controvertist

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

deliberatelyadverbUS /dɪˈlɪbərətli/

with intention; in an intentional manner

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

depreciatedverbUS /dɪˈpriːʃieɪtɪd/

past form of “depreciate” — belittle

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

desirousadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪrəs/

having or expressing desire for something

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

dictateverbUS /dɪkˈteɪt/

issue commands or orders for

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

disputations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

faultsnounUS /fɔːlts/

plural of “fault” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

HAPPINESSnounUS /ˈhæpinəs/

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

hearersnounUS /ˈhiːrərz/

plural of “hearer” — someone who listens attentively

From this reading The sentiments of the hearers were various.

hermitnounUS /ˈhɜːrmət/

one retired from society for religious reasons

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

instructiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌktɪv/

serving to instruct or enlighten or inform

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

interviewverbUS /ˈɪntərvjuː/

conduct an interview in television, newspaper, and radio reporting

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

laudablyadverb

in an admirable manner

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

LEDnounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

LIFEnounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

mannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

NATUREnounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

opinionsnounUS /əˈpɪnjənz/

plural of “opinion” — a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

pleasedadjectiveUS /pliːzd/

experiencing or manifesting pleasure

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

Rasselas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

relatingverbUS /rɪˈleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “relate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

rememberedverbUS /rɪˈmembərd/

past form of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

sentimentsnounUS /ˈsentəmənts/

plural of “sentiment” — tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading The sentiments of the hearers were various.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

statedadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtɪd/

declared as fact; explicitly stated

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Some faults were almost general among them: every one was desirous to dictate to the rest, and every one was pleased to hear the genius or knowledge of another depreciated.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

unbendverbUS /ˌʌnˈbend/

straighten up or out; make straight

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading The sentiments of the hearers were various.

violentadjectiveUS /ˈvaɪələnt/

acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Their manners were somewhat coarse, but their conversation was instructive, and their disputations acute, though sometimes too violent, and often continued till neither controvertist remembered upon what question they began.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THE HAPPINESS OF A LIFE LED ACCORDING TO NATURE Rasselas went often to an assembly of learned men, who met at stated times to unbend their minds and compare their opinions.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

wondernounUS /ˈwʌndər/

the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading In this assembly Rasselas was relating his interview with the hermit, and the wonder with which he heard him censure a course of life which he had so deliberately chosen, and so laudably followed.

Chapter 17 of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 by Samuel Johnson holds 27 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 contain?

Chapter 17 holds 27 sentences of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 by Samuel Johnson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 27 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shorter Novels, Vol. 3

Common questions about reading Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 by Samuel Johnson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3?

Yes. All 5116 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34766 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34766, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 take to read?

About 426 minutes of reading across 1024 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 section by section

How to work through Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shorter Novels, Vol. 3

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shorter Novels, Vol. 3, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Contains
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Several
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unicode
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Characters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.