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Shorter Novels, Vol. 3
Shorter Novels, Vol. 3

Chapter XXXII

Chapter 32 of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 is here in full — 18 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.
If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!
Hear me therefore with attention.
“‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.
I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Shorter Novels, Vol. 3

Chapter XXXII

Chapter 32 of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 is here in full — 18 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.
Line 2
If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!
Line 3
Hear me therefore with attention.
/hiːr miː ˈðerfɔːr wɪð əˈtenʃən/
Line 4
“‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.
/aɪ hæv ˈdɪlədʒəntli kənˈsɪdərd ðə pəˈzɪʃən ʌv ðə ɜːrθ ənd sʌn ənd fɔːrmd ˌɪˈnuːmərəbəl skiːmz ɪn wɪtʃ aɪ tʃeɪndʒd ðer ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/
Line 5
I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

advantaged verb US /ædˈvæntɪdʒd/

past form of “advantage” — give an advantage to

From this reading “I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.”

astronomer noun US /əˈstrɑːnəmər/

a physicist who studies astronomy

From this reading “THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.”

axis noun US /ˈæksəs/

a straight line through a body or figure that satisfies certain conditions

From this reading “I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.”

diligently adverb US /ˈdɪlədʒəntli/

with diligence; in a diligent manner

From this reading ““‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.”

ecliptic noun US /ɪˈklɪptɪk/

the great circle representing the apparent annual path of the sun; the plane of the Earth's orbit around the sun; makes an angle of about 23 degrees with the equator

From this reading “I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.”

gains noun US /ɡeɪnz/

plural of “gain” — a quantity that is added

From this reading “I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.”

imaginable adjective US /ˌɪˈmædʒənəbəl/

capable of being imagined

From this reading “I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.”

solar adjective US /ˈsoʊlər/

relating to or derived from the sun or utilizing the energies of the sun

From this reading “I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

solar system adjective + noun

the sun with the celestial bodies that revolve around it in its gravitational field

In this reading “I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.”

distant parts adjective + noun

In this reading “I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.”

great gifts adjective + noun counted as “great gift”

In this reading “If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

advantagedverbUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒd/

past form of “advantage” — give an advantage to

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

alterationnounUS /ˌɔːltərˈeɪʃən/

an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

anxietynounUS /æŋˈzaɪəti/

(psychiatry) a relatively permanent state of worry and nervousness occurring in a variety of mental disorders, usually accompanied by compulsive behavior or attacks of panic

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

ASTRONOMERnounUS /əˈstrɑːnəmər/

a physicist who studies astronomy

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

axisnounUS /ˈæksəs/

a straight line through a body or figure that satisfies certain conditions

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading “‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

consideringverbUS /kənˈsɪdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “consider” — deem to be

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

dependsverbUS /dɪˈpendz/

third-person singular of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

diligentlyadverbUS /ˈdɪlədʒəntli/

with diligence; in a diligent manner

From this reading “‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.

DIRECTIONSnounUS /dərˈekʃənz/

plural of “direction” — a line leading to a place or point

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

dispositionnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

your usual mood

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading “‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.

eclipticnounUS /ɪˈklɪptɪk/

the great circle representing the apparent annual path of the sun; the plane of the Earth's orbit around the sun; makes an angle of about 23 degrees with the equator

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading “‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

gainsnounUS /ɡeɪnz/

plural of “gain” — a quantity that is added

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

giftsnounUS /ɡɪfts/

plural of “gift” — something acquired without compensation

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

harmnounUS /hɑːrm/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

HearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

imaginableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmædʒənəbəl/

capable of being imagined

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

IMLAC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

impartverbUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːrt/

transmit (knowledge or skills)

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.

innumerableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading “‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

LEAVESnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

losesverbUS /ˈluːzəz/

third-person singular of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Hear me therefore with attention.

millionsnounUS /ˈmɪljənz/

plural of “million” — the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading “‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.

regionnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

requiresverbUS /riˈkwaɪərz/

third-person singular of “require” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

schemesnounUS /skiːmz/

plural of “scheme” — an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading “‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading “‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.

solaradjectiveUS /ˈsoʊlər/

relating to or derived from the sun or utilizing the energies of the sun

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading “‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading “‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

unacquaintedadjective

not knowledgeable about something specified

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

variedadjectiveUS /ˈverid/

characterized by variety

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

welfarenounUS /ˈwelfer/

governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading “‘I have diligently considered the position of the earth and sun, and formed innumerable schemes in which I changed their situation.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If the task of a king be considered as difficult, who has the care only of a few millions, to whom he cannot do much good or harm, what must be the anxiety of him on whom depends the action of the elements, and the great gifts of light and heat!

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading I have sometimes turned aside the axis of the earth, and sometimes varied the ecliptic of the sun; but I have found it impossible to make a disposition by which the world may be advantaged; what one region gains, another loses, by any imaginable alteration, even without considering the distant parts of the solar system with which we are unacquainted.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading THE ASTRONOMER LEAVES IMLAC HIS DIRECTIONS “‘Hear, therefore, what I shall impart, with attention such as the welfare of a world requires.

Chapter 32 of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 by Samuel Johnson holds 18 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 32 of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 contain?

Chapter 32 holds 18 sentences of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 32 of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 by Samuel Johnson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 18 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 32 of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 32 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 32 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Shorter Novels, Vol. 3

Common questions about reading Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 by Samuel Johnson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3?

Yes. All 5116 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34766 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34766, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 take to read?

About 426 minutes of reading across 1024 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 section by section

How to work through Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3 to begin.

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Shorter Novels, Vol. 3

Words and structures a reader meets early in Shorter Novels, Vol. 3, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Contains
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Several
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unicode
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Characters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Shorter Novels, Vol. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.