Chapter XX

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

in addition

From this reading There were churches on the cliffs and in the hollow; there was also a naval outlook or coastguard station; and there were barracks for soldiers.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

plural of “barrack” — a building or group of buildings used to house military personnel

From this reading There were churches on the cliffs and in the hollow; there was also a naval outlook or coastguard station; and there were barracks for soldiers.

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

a structural member used to stiffen a framework

From this reading A bracing town then as now.

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

a period of 100 years

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

for the most part

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

plural of “church” — one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading There were churches on the cliffs and in the hollow; there was also a naval outlook or coastguard station; and there were barracks for soldiers.

plural of “cliff” — a steep high face of rock

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

a military service responsible for the safety of maritime traffic in coastal waters

From this reading There were churches on the cliffs and in the hollow; there was also a naval outlook or coastguard station; and there were barracks for soldiers.

a padded cloth covering to keep a teapot warm

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

absence of light or illumination

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

a small wooded hollow

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

state of uncertainty or perplexity especially as requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

a small wooded hollow

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

a branch of knowledge

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

divisible by two

From this reading Perhaps even more so, for it was hardly in those days a sea-side watering-place.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There were churches on the cliffs and in the hollow; there was also a naval outlook or coastguard station; and there were barracks for soldiers.

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

the father of your father or mother

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

only a very short time before

From this reading Perhaps even more so, for it was hardly in those days a sea-side watering-place.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

an upward movement (especially a rhythmical rising and falling)

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

not solid; having a space or gap or cavity

From this reading There were churches on the cliffs and in the hollow; there was also a naval outlook or coastguard station; and there were barracks for soldiers.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

a county in southeastern England on the English Channel; formerly an Anglo-Saxon kingdom, it was the first to be colonized by the Romans

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Perhaps even more so, for it was hardly in those days a sea-side watering-place.

connected with or belonging to or used in a navy

From this reading There were churches on the cliffs and in the hollow; there was also a naval outlook or coastguard station; and there were barracks for soldiers.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading A bracing town then as now.

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

a habitual or characteristic mental attitude that determines how you will interpret and respond to situations

From this reading There were churches on the cliffs and in the hollow; there was also a naval outlook or coastguard station; and there were barracks for soldiers.

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

to some extent; in some degree; not wholly

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

by chance

From this reading Perhaps even more so, for it was hardly in those days a sea-side watering-place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

not tired; refreshed as by sleeping or relaxing

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Perhaps even more so, for it was hardly in those days a sea-side watering-place.

complete and without restriction or qualification; sometimes used informally as intensifiers

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

plural of “shore” — the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Perhaps even more so, for it was hardly in those days a sea-side watering-place.

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading There were churches on the cliffs and in the hollow; there was also a naval outlook or coastguard station; and there were barracks for soldiers.

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading There were churches on the cliffs and in the hollow; there was also a naval outlook or coastguard station; and there were barracks for soldiers.

(especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

spreading out in different directions or distributed irregularly

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading A bracing town then as now.

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were churches on the cliffs and in the hollow; there was also a naval outlook or coastguard station; and there were barracks for soldiers.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Perhaps even more so, for it was hardly in those days a sea-side watering-place.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DUKE OF KENT AS GRANDFATHER KNEW HIM--DISCIPLINE AND THE LASH IN THE BRAVE DAYS OF OLD--TONAL'S DILEMMA, AND HOW HE GOT OUT OF IT.

in the direction of

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading A bracing town then as now.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Perhaps even more so, for it was hardly in those days a sea-side watering-place.

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were churches on the cliffs and in the hollow; there was also a naval outlook or coastguard station; and there were barracks for soldiers.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A beautiful village on the eastern shores of Kent, a village that partly and chiefly went straggling up a little cosy dingle or dell, and partly rested on two high cliffs that--one especially--descended sheer down towards the dark and heaving ocean, which in stormy weather spent its fury against its sides: such was Ramsgate in the early part of this century.