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Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly
Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly is here in full — 88 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE KIND OF REINFORCEMENTS WE HAD TO DEFEND THE CITY.
THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.
There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.
There was also great excitement in and around the forts north of the city.
The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly is here in full — 88 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE KIND OF REINFORCEMENTS WE HAD TO DEFEND THE CITY.
/ðə kaɪnd ʌv ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənts wiː hæd tuː dɪˈfend ðə ˈsɪti/
Line 2
THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.
Line 3
There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.
Line 4
There was also great excitement in and around the forts north of the city.
/ðer wɑːz ˈɔːlsoʊ ɡreɪt ɪkˈsaɪtmənt ɪn ənd ərˈaʊnd ðə fɔːrts nɔːrθ ʌv ðə ˈsɪti/
Line 5
The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

afloat adjective US /əˈfloʊt/

aimlessly drifting

From this reading “There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.”

capture verb US /ˈkæptʃər/

succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading “THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.”

defend verb US /dɪˈfend/

argue or speak in defense of

From this reading “THE KIND OF REINFORCEMENTS WE HAD TO DEFEND THE CITY.”

exact adjective US /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading “THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.”

forts noun US /fɔːrts/

plural of “fort” — a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading “There was also great excitement in and around the forts north of the city.”

July noun US /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading “There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.”

rebel noun US /ˈrebəl/

“Johnny” was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; “greyback” derived from their grey Confederate uniforms

From this reading “There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.”

reinforcements noun US /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənts/

plural of “reinforcement” — a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission

From this reading “THE KIND OF REINFORCEMENTS WE HAD TO DEFEND THE CITY.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

afloatadjectiveUS /əˈfloʊt/

aimlessly drifting

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading There was also great excitement in and around the forts north of the city.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading There was also great excitement in and around the forts north of the city.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

captureverbUS /ˈkæptʃər/

succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

CITYnounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading THE KIND OF REINFORCEMENTS WE HAD TO DEFEND THE CITY.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

DEFENDverbUS /dɪˈfend/

argue or speak in defense of

From this reading THE KIND OF REINFORCEMENTS WE HAD TO DEFEND THE CITY.

desperateadjectiveUS /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

EarlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

effortnounUS /ˈefərt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

exactadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

excitementnounUS /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/

the feeling of lively and cheerful joy

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

fortsnounUS /fɔːrts/

plural of “fort” — a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading There was also great excitement in and around the forts north of the city.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

HADauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE KIND OF REINFORCEMENTS WE HAD TO DEFEND THE CITY.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

hundred-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

Jubal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

KINDadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading THE KIND OF REINFORCEMENTS WE HAD TO DEFEND THE CITY.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading There was also great excitement in and around the forts north of the city.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE KIND OF REINFORCEMENTS WE HAD TO DEFEND THE CITY.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

portraitnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrət/

a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

rebelnounUS /ˈrebəl/

“Johnny” was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; “greyback” derived from their grey Confederate uniforms

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

REINFORCEMENTSnounUS /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənts/

plural of “reinforcement” — a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission

From this reading THE KIND OF REINFORCEMENTS WE HAD TO DEFEND THE CITY.

safeadjectiveUS /seɪf/

free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE KIND OF REINFORCEMENTS WE HAD TO DEFEND THE CITY.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

THISdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE KIND OF REINFORCEMENTS WE HAD TO DEFEND THE CITY.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The hundred-day men did not feel themselves safe in the forts, and those outside were making a desperate effort to keep their courage up.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

WEpronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE KIND OF REINFORCEMENTS WE HAD TO DEFEND THE CITY.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There was great excitement in the city during Sunday, the 10th of July, and strange stories were set afloat concerning the arrival of General Early, and his rebel army.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THIS is an exact portrait of General Jubal A. Early, who was sent to capture Washington, but arrived a little too late.

Chapter 13 of Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly by F. Colburn (Francis Colburn) Adams holds 88 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly contain?

Chapter 13 holds 88 sentences of Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly by F. Colburn (Francis Colburn) Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 88 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly by F. Colburn (Francis Colburn) Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly?

Yes. All 1021 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4668 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4668, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly take to read?

About 85 minutes of reading across 205 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly section by section

How to work through Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly

Words and structures a reader meets early in Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Settle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Differences
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Exact
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.